374 FOUETH PERIOD. A. D. 590-1049.
The earliest Prankish penitential is the work of Columban, the Irish missionary (d. 615). He was a severe monastic dis ciplinarian and gave prominence to corporal punishment among the penalties for offences. The Cummean Penitential (Pcvnit. Cummdani) is of Scotch-Irish origin, and variously assigned to Colurnba of lona (about 597), to Cumin, one of his disciples, or to Cummean, who died in Columban's monastery at Bobbio (after 711). Haltigar, bishop of Cambray, in the ninth century (about 829) published a "Roman Penitential," professedly derived from Roman archives, but in great part from Columban, and Frankish sources. An earlier work which bears the name " Poenitentiale Romanum" from the first part of the eighth century, has a more general character, but its precise origin is uncertain. The term "Roman" was used to designate the quality of a class of Penitentials which enjoyed a more than local authority.1 Rabanus Maurus (d. 855) prepared a "Liber Poenitentice" at the request of the archbishop Otgar of Mayence (841). Almost every diocese had its own book of the kind, but the spirit and the material were substantially the same.
NOTES.
As specimens of these Penitential Books, we give the first two chapters from the first book of the Pcenitentiale Theodori (Archbishop of Canter bury), as printed in Haddan and Stubbs, Councils and Eccles. Doc. rela ting to Great Britain and Ireland, vol. Illrd. p. 177 sqq. We insert a few better readings from other MSS. used by Wasserschleben.
/. De Crapula et Ebrietate.
1. Si quis Episcopus aut aliquis ordinatus in consuetudine vitium habuerit ebrietatis, aut desinat aut deponatur.
2. Si monachus pro ebrietate vomitumfatit, XXX. dies peniteat.
3. Sipresbiter aut diaconus pro ebrietate, XL. dies peniteat.
4. Si vero pro infirmitate aut quia longo tempore se abstinuerit, et in consuetudine non erit ei multum bibere vel manducare, aut pro gaudio in Natale Domini aut in Pascha aut pro alicujus Sanctorum commemoratione
1 This is the view of Wasserschleben, while Schmitz thinks that the Posnitenliale Romanum was originally intended for the Roman church, and that the Western Penitentials are derived from it.
§ 85. THE PENITENTIAL BOOKS. 375
faciebat, et time plus non accipit qnam decretum cat a senioribus, nihil nocet. iSi JEpiscopus juberit, non nocet illi, nisi, ipsc similiter faciat.
5. tii laicus fidelis pro ebrietate vomitum facit, XV. dies peniteat.
6. Qui vero inebriatur contra Domini interdictum, si votum sanctitatis habuerit VII. dies in pane et aqua, LXX. sine pinguedine peniteat; laid sine cervisa [cervisia],
7. Qui per nequitiam inebriat alium, XL. dies peniteat.
8. Qui pro satietate vomitumfacit, III. diebus [dies] peniteat.
9. Si cunt sacrifido communionis, VII. dies peniteat; si iiifirmitatis causa, sine culpa.
II. De Fornicatione.
1. Si quis fornicaverit cum virgine, I. anno peniteat. Si cum marita, IIII. annas, II. intcgros, II. alios in XL. mis. III. bus., et III. dies in ebdomada peniteat.
2. Qui sepe cum masculo aut cum pecude fornicat, X. annos ut peniteret judicavit.
3. Item aliud. Qui cum pecoribus coierit, XV. annos peniteat.
4. Qui coierit cum masculo post XX. annum, XV. annos peniteat.
5. Si masculus cum masculo fornicaverit, X. annos peniteat.
6. Sodomites VII. annos peniteat [peniteant] ; molles [et mollis] sicut aduitera.
7. Item hoc ; virile sceltis semel faciens IIII. annos peniteat; si in consuetudine fuerit, ut Basilius dicit, XV. Si sine, sustinens unum annum ut mulier. Si puer sit, primo II. bus annis ; si iterat IIII.
8. Si infemoribus, annum I. vel. 111. XL. mas.
9. Si se ipsum coinguinat, XL. dies {peniteat.\
10. Qui concupiscit fornicari [fornicare] scd non potest, XL. dies vel XX. peniteat. Si frequcntaverit, si puer sit, XX. dies, vel vapuletur.
11. Fueri qui fornicantur inter se ipsos judicavit ut vapulentur.
12. Mulier cum muliere fornicando [si... fornicaverit], III. annos peniteat.
13. Si sola cum se ipsa coitum habet, sic peniteat.
14. Una penitcntia cst viduae et pudlw. Majorem meruit quae virum habet, si fornicaverit.
15. Qui semen in os miserit, VII. annos peniteat : hoc pcssimum malum. Alias ab eojudicatum est ut ambo usque in fincm vitce peniicant ; vel XXII. annos, vel ut super i us VII.
16. Si cum matre quis fornicaverit, XV. annos peniteat, et nunquam, mutat [mutet] nisi Dominicis diebus: ct hoc tain profanum incertum [incestum] ab eo similiter alio modo dicitur ut cum peregrinatione perenni VII. annos peniteat.
17. Qui cum sorore fornicatur, XV. annos peniteat, eo modo quo supcrius de matre dicitur, sed et istud XV. alias in canone conjirmavit ; unde non absorde XV. anni ad matrem transeunt qui scribuntur.
18. Qui sepe fornicaverit, primus canon judicavit X. annos penitere ;