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Archer

Original Hebrew / Aramaic / Greek connected to this term

How to read this: there is rarely one magic “true meaning” hidden behind an English word. A lexicon records a word’s semantic range. The intended meaning is narrowed by grammar, sentence, author, historical usage and context.

HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H3384

יָרָא

ya.ra — to shoot

1) to shoot, pour 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to shoot arrows 1b) (Hiphil) 1b1) to shoot at 1b2) part. shooter, archer 1c) to throw water, rain

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H7198

קֶ֫שֶׁת

qe.shet — bow

1) bow 1a) bow (for hunting, battle) 1b) bowmen, archers 1c) bow (fig. of might) 1d) rainbow

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H1869

דָּרַךְ

da.rakh — to tread

1) to tread, bend, lead, march 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to tread, march, march forth 1a2) to tread on, tread upon 1a3) to tread (a press) 1a4) to tread (bend) a bow 1a5) archer, bow-benders (participle) 1b) (Hiphil) 1b1) to tread, tread down 1b2) to tread (bend with the foot) a bow 1b3) to cause to go, lead, march, tread

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H1230

בַּקְבַּקַּר

baq.baq.qar — Bakbakkar

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Exile and Return, only mentioned at 1Ch.9.15 § Bakbakkar = "searcher" a Levite, apparently a descendant of Asaph

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GREEK · G21239

τοξικός

toxikos — venenum

1. of or for the bow , (Aeschulus Tragicus):—; ἡ τοξική (i.e. τέχνη); archery , (Plato Philosophus) 2. of persons, skilled in the use of the bow , τοξικώτατος (Xenophon Historicus) (ML)

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GREEK · G7454

ἐπιστήμη

epistēmē — higher knowledge

1. acquaintance with a matter, skill, experience , as in archery, (Sophocles Tragicus); in war, (Thucydides), etc. 2. generally, knowledge , (Sophocles Tragicus): especially scientific knowledge, science , (Plato Philosophus), etc. (ML)

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GREEK · G9463

τόξευμα

toxeuma — a bow

1. that which is shot, an arrow , (Herdotus Historicus), etc.; ὅσον τ. ἐξικνέεται the distance of a bowshot , (Herdotus Historicus); πρὶν τ. ἐξικνεῖσθαι before an arrow reached them, (Xenophon Historicus); ἐντὸς τοξεύματος within bow-shot , (Xenophon Historicus); ἔξω τοξεύματος (Thucydides):—;metaphorically, καρδίας τοξεύματα (Sophocles Tragicus) 2. collective in plural for οἱ τοξόται, the archery , (Herdotus Historicus) (ML)

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GREEK · G9465

τοξότης

toxotēs — a bowman

1. a bowman, archer , (Iliad by Homer) 3. at Athens, οἱ τοξόται were the city-guard , also called Σκύθαι, because they were slaves bought from the parts north of Greece, (Aristophanes Comicus), etc. (ML)

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GREEK · G9795

ψιλός

psilos — bare

1. bare , 2. of land, ψιλὴ ἄροσις a bare corn-field, (Iliad by Homer); πεδίον μέγα τε καὶ ψιλόν (Herdotus Historicus): with genitive, γῆ ψιλὴ δενδρέων land bare of trees, (Herdotus Historicus):—; ψιλὴ γεωργία the tillage of land for corn , opposite to γ. πεφυτευμένη (for vines and olives) , (Aristotle Philosopher) 3. of animals, stript of hair or feathers, bare, smooth , δέρμα (Odyssey by Homer); ἶβις ψιλὴ κεφαλήν bald on the head, (Herdotus Historicus) 4. generally, bare, uncovered , ψιλὸν ὡς ὁρᾷ νέκυν (Sophocles Tragicus):—;with genitive bare of, separated from , ψιλὴ σώματος οὖσα [ ἡ ψυχή] (Plato Philosophus) b. bare, stript of appendages , ψιλὴ τρόπις the bare keel with the planks torn from it, (Odyssey by Homer); ψ. θρίδαξ a lettuce with the side-leaves pulled off , (Herdotus Historicus); ψ. μάχαιραι swords without other arms , (Xenophon Historicus) 5. οἱ ψιλοί (i.e. τῶν ὅπλων); soldiers without heavy armour, light troops , such as archers and slingers, opposite to ὁπλῖται, (Herdotus Historicus), etc.; τὸ ψιλόν, opposite to τὸ ὁπλιτικόν, (Xenophon Historicus); ψ. ἔχων τὴν κεφαλήν bare-headed, without helmet , (Xenophon Historicus) 6. ψιλὸς λόγος bare language, i. e. prose , as opposite to poetry which is clothed in metre, (Plato Philosophus); also, ψ. λόγος is a mere speech, a speech unsupported by evidence , (Demosthenes Orator) 7. ψιλὴ ποίησις mere poetry, without music , i. e. epic poetry, as opposite to lyric , (Plato Philosophus):—;but, ψιλὴ μουσική instrumental music unaccompanied by the voice , (Aristotle Philosopher) 8. Oedipus seems to call Antigone his ψιλὸν ὄμμα, as being the one poor eye left him, (Sophocles Tragicus) 9. adverb ψιλῶς, merely, only , (Plutarch) (ML)

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Historical dictionary entry

A shooter with the bow (1 Chr. 10:3). This art was of high antiquity (Gen. 21:20; 27:3). Saul was wounded by the Philistine archers (1 Sam. 31:3). The phrase “breaking the bow” (Hos. 1:5; Jer. 49:35) is equivalent to taking away one’s power, while “strengthening the bow” is a symbol of its increase (Gen. 49:24). The Persian archers were famous among the ancients (Isa. 13:18; Jer. 49:35; 50:9, 14, 29, 42. (See BOW).

Scripture references

Source: Easton’s Bible Dictionary (1897). Historical dictionary wording reflects the scholarship and language of its era.

Compare other reference traditions

Look up Archer in Smith’s Bible Dictionary and ISBE →