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Armour

Original Hebrew / Aramaic / Greek connected to this term

How to read this: there is rarely one magic “true meaning” hidden behind an English word. A lexicon records a word’s semantic range. The intended meaning is narrowed by grammar, sentence, author, historical usage and context.

GREEK · G1722

ἐν

en — in/on/among

ἐν, prep, (the most frequently of all in NT), with dative (= Heb. בְּ, Lat. in, with abl.). I. Of place, with dative of thing(s), of person(s), in, within, on, at, by, among: ἐν τ. πόλει, Luk.7:37; τ. οφθαλμῷ, Mat.7:3; τ. κοιλίᾳ, Mat.12:40; τ. ὄρει, 2Pe.1:18; τ. θρόνῳ, Rev.3:21; τ. δεξιᾷ τ. θεοῦ, Rom.8:34; ἐν ἡμῖν Abbott-Smith has ὑμῖν., Luk.1:1; of books, ἐν τ. βιβλίῳ, Gal.3:10; τ. νόμῳ, Mat.12:5, al.; ἐν τοῖς τ. Πατρός, in my Father's house (RV; cf. M, Pr., 103), Luk.2:49; trop., of the region of thought or feeling, ἐν τ. καρδίᾳ (-αις), Mat.5:28, 2Co.4:6, al.; τ. συνειδήσεσιν, 2Co.5:11; after verbs of motion, instead of εἰς (constructio praegnans, a usage extended in late Gk. beyond the limits observed in cl.; cf. Bl., §41, 1; M, Th., 12), ἀποστέλλω . . . ἐν, Mat.10:16. δέδωκεν ἐν τ. χειρί (cf. τιθέναι ἐν χερσί, Hom., Il., i, 441, al.), Jhn.3:35; id. after verbs of coming and going (not in cl.), εἰσῆλθε, Luk.9:46; ἐξῆλθεν, Luk.7:17. II. Of state, condition, form, occupation, etc.: ἐν ζωῇ, Rom.5:10; ἐν τ. θανάτῳ, 1Jn.3:14; ἐν πειρασμοῖς, 1Pe.1:6; ἐν εἰρήνῃ, Mrk.5:25; ἐν δόξῃ, Php.4:19; ἐν πραΰτητι, Jas.3:13; ἐν μυστηρίῳ, 1Co.2:7; ἐν τ. διδαχῇ, Mrk.4:2; of a part as contained in a whole, ἐν τ. ἀμπέλῳ, Jhn.15:4; ἐν ἑνὶ σώματι, Rom.12:4; of accompanying objects or persons (simple dative in cl.), with, ἐν αἵματι, Heb.9:25; ἐν δέκα χιλιάσιν, Luk.14:31 (cf. Ju 14, Act.7:14); similarly (cl.), of clothing, armour, arms, ἐν στολαῖς, Mrk.12:38; ἐν ἐσθῆτι λαμπρᾷ, Jas.2:2; ἐν μαξαίρῃ, Luk.22:49; ἐν ῥάβδῳ, 1Co.4:21 (cf. ἐν τόξοις, Xen., Mem., 3, 9, 2); of manner (cl.), ἐν τάχει (= ταχέως), Luk.18:8 (cf. Bl., §41, 1); of spiritual influence, ἐν πνεύματι, Rom.8:9; ἐν π. ἀκαθάρτῳ, Mrk.1:23; of the mystical relation of the Christian life and the believer himself, to God and Christ (cf. ICC, Ro., 160f.; Mayor on Ju 1; M, Pr., 103): ἐν Χριστῷ, Rom.3:24, 6:11, 1Co.3:1, 4:10, 2Co.12:2, Gal.2:17, Eph.6:21, Col.4:7, 1Th.4:16, al. III. Of the agent, instrument or means (an extension of cl. ἐν of instr.—see LS, see word Ill—corresponding to similar use of Heb. בְּ), by, with: ἐν ὑμῖν κρίνεται ὁ κόσμος (= cl. παρά, C. dative), 1Co.6:2; ἐν τ. ἄρχοντι τ. δαιμονίων, Mat.9:34; ἐν αἵματι, Heb.9:22; ἐν ὕδατι, Mat.3:11, al.; ἐν μαχαίρᾳ ἀποκτενεῖ (cf. the absol. ἐν μ., ἐν ῥάβδῳ, supr., II, which some would classify here), Rev.13:10 (cf. 6:8). Allied to this usage and distinctly Semitic are the following: ἠγόρασας . . . ἐν τ. αἵματι σου (cf. BDB, see word בְּ, III, 3), Rev.5:9; ὁμολογεῖν ἐν (= Aram. אודי בּ; cf. McNeile on Mt, I.with; M, Pr., 104), Mat.10:32, Luk.12:8; ὀμνύναι ἐν (= cl. accusative, so Jas.5:12), Mat.5:34, al.; also at the rate of, amounting to, Mrk.4:8 (WH; vv. ll., εἰς, ἒν), Act.7:14 (LXX). IV. Of time, (a) in or during a period: ἐν τ. ἡμέρᾳ (νυκτί), Jhn.11:9, al.; ἐν σαββάτῳ, Mat.12:2, al.; ἐν τῷ μεταξύ, meanwhile, Jhn.4:31; (b) at the time of an event: ἐν τ. παρουσίᾳ, 1Co.15:23; ἐν τ. ἀναστάσει, Mat.22:28; (with) with art. inf., (α) present (so sometimes in cl., but not as in NT = ἕως; V. M, Pr., 215), while: Mat.13:4, Mrk.6:48, Gal.4:18, al.; (β) aor., when, after: Luk.9:36, al.; (d) within (cl.): Mat.27:40, V. In composition: (1) meaning: (a) with adjectives, it signifies usually the possession of a quality, as ἐνάλιος, ἐν́δοξος; (b) with verbs, continuance in (before ἐν) or motion into (before εἰς), as ἐμμένω, ἐμβαίνω. (ii) Assimilation: ἐν becomes ἐμ- before β, μ, π, φ, ψ; ἐγ- before γ, κ, ξ, χ; ἐλ- before λ. But in the older MSS of NT, followed by modern editions, assimilation is sometimes neglected, as in ἐνγράφω, ἐγκαινίζω, etc. (AS)

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H214

אוֹצָר

o.tsar — treasure

1) treasure, storehouse 1a) treasure (gold, silver, etc) 1b) store, supplies of food or drink 1c) treasure-house, treasury 1c1) treasure-house 1c2) storehouse, magazine 1c3) treasury 1c4) magazine of weapons (fig. of God's armoury) 1c5) storehouses (of God for rain, snow, hail, wind, sea)

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GREEK · G1746

ἐνδύω

enduō — to put on

ἐν-δύω (ἐνδύνω, 2Ti.3:6), [in LXX chiefly for לָבַשׁ ;] 1. with accusative of person(s), Mat.27:28 (WH, mg., R, mg.); with dupl. accusative, Mat.27:31, Mrk.15:20, Luk.15:22; mid., to put on oneself, be clothed with: with accusative of thing(s), Mat.6:25, Mrk.6:9, Luk.8:27 12:22, Act.12:21; ptcp., Mat.22:11, Mrk.1:6, 2Co.5:3, Rev.1:13 15:6 19:14; of armour (figuratively): Rom.13:12, Eph.6:11, 14, 1Th.5:8; metaphorically, δύναμιν, Luk.24:49; ἀφθαρσίαν, ἀθανασίαν, 1Co.15:53-54; τ. καινὸν ἄνθρωπον, Eph 4:24, Col.3:10; σπλάγχνα οἰκτιρμοῦ, Col.3:12; Ἰησ. Χριστόν, Rom.13:14, Gal.3:27, 2. to enter, press into: 2Ti.3:6 (cf. ἐπ-ενδύω).† (AS)

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GREEK · G3833

πανοπλία

panoplia — complete armor

πανοπλία, -ας, ἡ (πᾶς, ὅπλον) [in LXX: 2Ki.2:21 (חֲלִיצָה), Job.39:20, Jdth.14:3, Wis.5:17, Sir.46:6, 1-2; 4Mac.6* ;] full armour: Luk.11:22; metaphorically (cf. Wis, l.with), τ. θεοῦ, Eph.6:11, 13 † (AS)

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H5171

נַחֲרַי

na.cha.ray — Naharai

A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.23.37 § Naharai = "snorter" one of David's mighty warriors and the armour bearer of Joab

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H6513

פֻּרָה

pu.rah — Purah

A man living before Israel's Monarchy, first mentioned at Jdg.7.10 § Phurah = "bough" the servant of Gideon, probably his armour-bearer

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GREEK · G1744

ἐνδύνω

endunō — to sneak

ἐν-δύνω, see: ἐνδύω. ἐν-δύω (ἐνδύνω, 2Ti.3:6), [in LXX chiefly for לָבַשׁ ;] 1. with accusative of person(s), Mat.27:28 (WH, mg., R, mg.); with dupl. accusative, Mat.27:31, Mrk.15:20, Luk.15:22; mid., to put on oneself, be clothed with: with accusative of thing(s), Mat.6:25, Mrk.6:9, Luk.8:27 12:22, Act.12:21; ptcp., Mat.22:11, Mrk.1:6, 2Co.5:3, Rev.1:13 15:6 19:14; of armour (figuratively): Rom.13:12, Eph.6:11, 14, 1Th.5:8; metaphorically, δύναμιν, Luk.24:49; ἀφθαρσίαν, ἀθανασίαν, 1Co.15:53-54; τ. καινὸν ἄνθρωπον, Eph 4:24, Col.3:10; σπλάγχνα οἰκτιρμοῦ, Col.3:12; Ἰησ. Χριστόν, Rom.13:14, Gal.3:27, 2. to enter, press into: 2Ti.3:6 (cf. ἐπ-ενδύω).† (AS)

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GREEK · G20881

παντευχία

panteuchia — in full armour

= πανοπλία, (Euripides) ὅπλων πολέμιος παντευχία enemies in full array , Id.; ξὺν παντευχίᾳ in full armour , Aesch. (ML)

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GREEK · G21228

τεῦχος

teuchos — masonry, fabric

1. a tool, implement :—;mostly in plural τεύχεα, 2. implements of war, armour, arms, harness , (Homer);—;so τεύχη in [variant datesTragica Adespota 3. in plural, also, the gear of a ship, tackle , (Odyssey by Homer) 4. in singular a vessel of any kind, a bathing-tub , (Aeschulus Tragicus); a cinerary urn , (Aeschulus Tragicus); a balloting-urn , (Aeschulus Tragicus); a vase for libations , (Aeschulus Tragicus); a vase or ewer for water, (Euripides); a pot or jar , (Xenophon Historicus); ξύλινα τ. chests , (Xenophon Historicus) 5. the human frame, body , (Aristotle Philosopher) 6. a book , [variant datesAnthology Palantina; hence πεντάτευχος, the Pentateuch. (ML)

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GREEK · G8034

κνημίς

knēmis — a leg covering

a greave or piece of armour from knee to ankle , Lat. ocrea, περὶ κνήμῃσιν ἔθηκεν (Iliad by Homer); the κνημῖδες were fastened at the ankle with clasps ἐπισφύρια); βόειαι κνημῖδες are ox-hide leggings , used by labourers, (Odyssey by Homer) (ML)

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GREEK · G8536

ὁπλίτης

hoplitēs — armed with a large shield

1. heavy-armed, armed , δρόμος ὁπλ. a race of men in armour , opposite to the naked race, (Pindar); ὁπλ. στρατός an armed host, (Euripides); ὁπλ. κόσμος warrior- dress, armour, (Euripides) 2. as Substantive, a heavy-armed foot-soldier, man-at-arms , who carried a large shield ὅπλον); whence the name, as the light-armed foot-soldier πελταστής); had his from the light πέλτη, (Herdotus Historicus), attic; ὁπλῖται are opposite to ψιλοί, (Herdotus Historicus) (ML)

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GREEK · G8892

πρόβλημα

problēma — a riddle

1. anything projecting, a headland, promontory , (Sophocles Tragicus) 2. anything put before one, a fence, barrier, screen , (Herdotus Historicus), attic; πρ. σώματος, of a shield, (Aeschulus Tragicus); προβλήματα ἵππων χαλκᾶ the brasen armour of horses, (Xenophon Historicus) 3. with genitive a defence against a thing, πέτρων (Aeschulus Tragicus); χείματος (Euripides); κακῶν (Aristophanes Comicus) 4. πρ. φόβου ἢ αἰδοῦς ἔχειν to have fear or shame as a defence , (Sophocles Tragicus) 5. anything put forward as an excuse or screen , (Demosthenes Orator); so, πρ. λαβεῖν τινά (as we say) to make a stalking horse of him, (Sophocles Tragicus) 6. that which is proposed, a task, business , (Euripides) 7. a problem in Geometry, (Plato Philosophus) (ML)

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GREEK · G9645

φλέγω

phlegō — to blaze

1. transitive to burn, burn up , (Iliad by Homer):—;Pass. to take fire, blaze up , (Iliad by Homer) 2. metaphorically to kindle, inflame with passion, (Sophocles Tragicus):—;Pass., like Lat. uri, to burn with passion, be inflamed, (Sophocles Tragicus) 3. to light up , Ζεὺς βέλος φλέγων making it blaze or flash , (Aeschulus Tragicus); metaphorically, ἄταν οὐρανίαν φλέγων letting the flame of mischief blaze up to heaven, (Sophocles Tragicus):—;Pass. to blaze up, be a-light , (Aeschulus Tragicus) 4. metaphorically to make illustrious or famous , Lat. illustrare, (Pindar):—;Pass. to be or become so , (Aeschulus Tragicus) 5. intransitive to burn, flame, blaze , (Aeschulus Tragicus); of armour, to flash , (Euripides) 6. metaphorically to break forth , of passion, (Aeschulus Tragicus) 7. to shine forth, become famous , (Pindar) (ML)

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GREEK · G9795

ψιλός

psilos — bare

1. bare , 2. of land, ψιλὴ ἄροσις a bare corn-field, (Iliad by Homer); πεδίον μέγα τε καὶ ψιλόν (Herdotus Historicus): with genitive, γῆ ψιλὴ δενδρέων land bare of trees, (Herdotus Historicus):—; ψιλὴ γεωργία the tillage of land for corn , opposite to γ. πεφυτευμένη (for vines and olives) , (Aristotle Philosopher) 3. of animals, stript of hair or feathers, bare, smooth , δέρμα (Odyssey by Homer); ἶβις ψιλὴ κεφαλήν bald on the head, (Herdotus Historicus) 4. generally, bare, uncovered , ψιλὸν ὡς ὁρᾷ νέκυν (Sophocles Tragicus):—;with genitive bare of, separated from , ψιλὴ σώματος οὖσα [ ἡ ψυχή] (Plato Philosophus) b. bare, stript of appendages , ψιλὴ τρόπις the bare keel with the planks torn from it, (Odyssey by Homer); ψ. θρίδαξ a lettuce with the side-leaves pulled off , (Herdotus Historicus); ψ. μάχαιραι swords without other arms , (Xenophon Historicus) 5. οἱ ψιλοί (i.e. τῶν ὅπλων); soldiers without heavy armour, light troops , such as archers and slingers, opposite to ὁπλῖται, (Herdotus Historicus), etc.; τὸ ψιλόν, opposite to τὸ ὁπλιτικόν, (Xenophon Historicus); ψ. ἔχων τὴν κεφαλήν bare-headed, without helmet , (Xenophon Historicus) 6. ψιλὸς λόγος bare language, i. e. prose , as opposite to poetry which is clothed in metre, (Plato Philosophus); also, ψ. λόγος is a mere speech, a speech unsupported by evidence , (Demosthenes Orator) 7. ψιλὴ ποίησις mere poetry, without music , i. e. epic poetry, as opposite to lyric , (Plato Philosophus):—;but, ψιλὴ μουσική instrumental music unaccompanied by the voice , (Aristotle Philosopher) 8. Oedipus seems to call Antigone his ψιλὸν ὄμμα, as being the one poor eye left him, (Sophocles Tragicus) 9. adverb ψιλῶς, merely, only , (Plutarch) (ML)

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GREEK · G9823

στρεπτός

streptos — twisted

1. flexible, pliant : στρεπτὸς χιτών a shirt of chain-armour , Lat. lorica annulata, (Iliad by Homer); στρεπταὶ λύγοι pliant withs, (Euripides): twined, wreathed , [variant datesAnthology Palantina 2. στρεπτός, οῦ, a collar of twisted or linked metal , Lat. torques, (Herdotus Historicus), etc. 3. of pastry, a twist or roll , (Demosthenes Orator) 4. metaphorically to be bent or turned , στρεπτοὶ καὶ θεοὶ αὐτοί the gods themselves may be turned (by prayer), (Iliad by Homer); στρ. γλῶσσα a glib, pliant tongue, (Iliad by Homer) 5. bent, curved , of a pick-axe, (Euripides); of a bow, (Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus) (ML)

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H2185

זֹנוֹת

zo.not — prostitute

1) fornications 1a) armour (used in warfare not sanctioned by Jehovah) (fig.)

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Historical dictionary entry

Is employed in the English Bible to denote military equipment, both offensive and defensive. (1.) The offensive weapons were different at different periods of history. The “rod of iron” (Ps. 2:9) is supposed to mean a mace or crowbar, an instrument of great power when used by a strong arm. The “maul” (Prov. 25:18; cognate Hebrew word rendered “battle-axe” in Jer. 51:20, and “slaughter weapon” in Ezek. 9:2) was a war-hammer or martel. The “sword” is the usual translation of hereb, which properly means “poniard.” The real sword, as well as the dirk-sword (which was always double-edged), was also used (1 Sam. 17:39; 2 Sam. 20:8; 1 Kings 20:11). The spear was another offensive weapon (Josh. 8:18; 1 Sam. 17:7). The javelin was used by light troops (Num. 25:7, 8; 1 Sam. 13:22). Saul threw a javelin at David (1 Sam. 19:9, 10), and so virtually absolved him from his allegiance. The bow was, however, the chief weapon of offence. The arrows were carried in a quiver, the bow being always unbent till the moment of action (Gen. 27:3; 48:22; Ps. 18:34). The sling was a favourite weapon of the Benjamites (1 Sam. 17:40; 1 Chr. 12:2. Comp. 1 Sam. 25:29). (2.) Of the defensive armour a chief place is assigned to the shield or buckler. There were the great shield or target (the tzinnah), for the protection of the whole person (Gen. 15:1; Ps. 47:9; 1 Sam. 17:7; Prov. 30:5), and the buckler (Heb. mageen) or small shield (1 Kings 10:17; Ezek. 26:8). In Ps. 91:4 “buckler” is properly a roundel appropriated to archers or slingers. The helmet (Ezek. 27:10; 1 Sam. 17:38), a covering for the head; the coat of mail or corselet (1 Sam. 17:5), or habergeon (Neh. 4;16), harness or breat-plate (Rev. 9:9), for the covering of the back and breast and both upper arms (Isa. 59:17; Eph. 6:14). The cuirass and corselet, composed of leather or quilted cloth, were also for the covering of the body. Greaves, for the covering of the legs, were worn in the time of David (1 Sam. 17:6). Reference is made by Paul (Eph. 6:14-17) to the panoply of a Roman soldier. The shield here is the thureon, a door-like oblong shield above all, i.e., covering the whole person, not the small round shield. There is no armour for the back, but only for the front.

Scripture references

Source: Easton’s Bible Dictionary (1897). Historical dictionary wording reflects the scholarship and language of its era.

Compare other reference traditions

Look up Armour in Smith’s Bible Dictionary and ISBE →