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Bake

Original Hebrew / Aramaic / Greek connected to this term

How to read this: there is rarely one magic “true meaning” hidden behind an English word. A lexicon records a word’s semantic range. The intended meaning is narrowed by grammar, sentence, author, historical usage and context.

HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H644

אָפָה

a.phah — to bake

1) to bake 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to bake 1a2) (subst) baker 1b) (Niphal) to be baked, baked

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H1310

בָּשַׁל

ba.shal — to boil

1) to boil, cook, bake, roast, ripen, grow ripe 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to boil, cook 1a2) to grow ripe, ripen 1b) (Piel) 1b1) to boil 1b2) to cook 1c) (Pual) 1c1) to be boiled 1c2) to be sodden 1d) (Hiphil) 1d1) to ripen 1d2) ripen, brought to ripeness

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H5692

עֻגָה

ug.gah — bun

1) disc or cake (of bread) 1a) cake of hot stones (cake baked on hot stones)

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GREEK · G7594

ἕψω

hepsō — to bake

1. to boil, seethe , (Herdotus Historicus), attic: proverbial of useless labour, λίθον ἕψεις (Aristophanes Comicus); with genitive partitive, ἥψομεν τοῦ κορκόρου we boiled some pimpernel, (Aristophanes Comicus):—;Pass. to be boiled , (Herdotus Historicus) 2. of metals, to smelt, refine , (Pindar) 3. metaphorically, γῆρας ἀνώνυμον ἕψειν to cherish an inglorious age, (Pindar) (ML)

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GREEK · G8541

ὀπτάω

optaō — to bake

1. to roast, broil , (Homer), etc.; with genitive partitive, ὀπτῆσαί τε κρεῶν to roast some meat, (Odyssey by Homer):—; ὀπτᾶν was used of cooking by means of fire or dry heat , opposite to ἕψω to boil in water , which never appears in (Homer); and a [variant datesComica Adespota poet remarks that Homer's heroes ate only roast meat:—;Pass., aor1 infinitive ὀπτηθῆναι (Odyssey by Homer) 2. to bake bread, (Herdotus Historicus):—;also of bricks or pottery, to bake, burn , (Herdotus Historicus) 3. to bake, harden , of the sun, (Bion Bucolicus) 4. metaphorically in Pass. to be burned by love, [Refs 3rd c.BC, variant datesAnthology Palantina (ML)

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GREEK · G8778

πέσσω

pessō — to bake

1. to soften, ripen or change , by means of heat: 2. of the sun, to ripen fruit, (Odyssey by Homer); compare πεπαίνω. 3. by the action of fire, to cook, dress, bake , (Herdotus Historicus):—;Pass., (Herdotus Historicus):—;Mid., πέσσεσθαι πέμματα to cook oneself cakes, (Herdotus Historicus) 4. of the stomach, to digest , like Lat. concoquere, (Aristotle Philosopher) 5. metaphorically, χόλον πέσσειν to cherish or nurse one's wrath, Lat. fovere, (Iliad by Homer); βέλος πέσσειν to have a dart in one to nurse , (Iliad by Homer); but in good sense, γέρα πεσσέμεν to enjoy them, (Iliad by Homer); also, ἀκίνδυνον αἰῶνα πέσσειν to lead a sodden life of ease, (Pindar) (ML)

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GREEK · G8820

πλίνθος

plinthos — a brick

a brick , (Herdotus Historicus), etc.; πλίνθους ἑλκύσαι, εἰρύσαι, Lat. ducere lateres, to make bricks , (Herdotus Historicus); ὀπτᾶν to bake them, (Herdotus Historicus) (ML)

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GREEK · G9089

σιτοποιός

sitopoios — a baker

1. ς. ἀνάγκη the task of grinding and baking , (Euripides) 2. as Substantive one that ground the corn in the handmill , (Thucydides); mostly feminine a baking-woman , (Herdotus Historicus); γυναῖκες ς. (Herdotus Historicus) (ML)

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Historical dictionary entry

The duty of preparing bread was usually, in ancient times, committed to the females or the slaves of the family (Gen. 18:6; Lev. 26:26; 1 Sam. 8:13); but at a later period we find a class of public bakers mentioned (Hos. 7:4, 6; Jer. 37:21). The bread was generally in the form of long or round cakes (Ex. 29:23; 1 Sam. 2:36), of a thinness that rendered them easily broken (Isa. 58:7; Matt. 14:19; 26:26; Acts 20:11). Common ovens were generally used; at other times a jar was half-filled with hot pebbles, and the dough was spread over them. Hence we read of “cakes baken on the coals” (1 Kings 19:6), and “baken in the oven” (Lev. 2:4). (See BREAD.)

Scripture references

Source: Easton’s Bible Dictionary (1897). Historical dictionary wording reflects the scholarship and language of its era.

Compare other reference traditions

Look up Bake in Smith’s Bible Dictionary and ISBE →