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Census

Original Hebrew / Aramaic / Greek connected to this term

How to read this: there is rarely one magic “true meaning” hidden behind an English word. A lexicon records a word’s semantic range. The intended meaning is narrowed by grammar, sentence, author, historical usage and context.

GREEK · G582

ἀπογραφή

apographē — census

ἀπο-γραφή, -ῆς, ἡ (ἀπογράφω) [in LXX: Dan.10:21 (כָּתָב), I Est.8:30, AB, 2Ma.2:1, 3Ma.2:32 3Mac 4:15 3Mac 4:17 3Mac 7:22 * ;] 1. a written copy. 2. As law term, a deposition (Demos.). 3. In late writers, a register, enrolment, census (MM, see word; Deiss., LAE, 160, 268 f.): Luk.2:2, Act.5:37.† (AS)

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H1410

גָּד

gad — Gad

A man of the tribe of Gad living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.30.11; son of: Israel (H3478) and Zilpah (H2153); brother of: Asher (H0836); half-brother of: Reuben (H7205), Simeon (H8095), Levi (H3878), Judah (H3063), Dan (H1835H), Naphtali (H5321), Issachar (H3485), Zebulun (H2074), Dinah (H1783), Joseph (H3130) and Benjamin (H1144); father of: Ziphion (H6837), Haggi (H2291), Shuni (H7764), Ezbon (H0675), Eri (H6179), Arod (H0720) and Areli (H0692) § Gad = "troop" 1) seventh son of Jacob by Zilpah, Leah's handmaid, and full brother of Asher. 2) the tribe descended from Gad 3) a prophet during the time of David; appears to have joined David when in the hold; reappears in connection with the punishment for taking a census; also assisted in the arrangements for the musical service of the "house of God"

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H7467

רְעוּאֵל

re.u.el — Reuel

A man of the Edomites living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.4; son of: Esau (H6215) and Mahalath (H4258); half-brother of: Eliphaz (H0464), Jeush (H3266), Jalam (H3281) and Korah (H7141); father of: Nahath (H5184), Zerah (H2226), Shammah (H8048) and Mizzah (H4199) § Reuel or Raguel = "friend of God" 1) a son of Esau by his wife Bashemath, the sister of Ishmael 2) the father-in-law of Moses 2a) also 'Jethro' 3) father of Eliasaph, the leader of the tribe of Gad at the time of the census at Sinai 4) a Benjamite, ancestor of Elah

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H460

אֶלְיָסָף

el.ya.saph — Eliasaph

A man living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Num.1.14; son of: Jethro (H3503); brother of: Zipporah (H6855) and Hobab (H2246) § Eliasaph = "God has added" 1) a Gadite chief in the wilderness census 2) a head of the Gershonites

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H5832

עֲזַרְאֵל

a.zar.el — Azarel

A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.12.6 § Azarael or Azareel = "God has helped" 1) a Korhite warrior of David who joined him at Ziklag 2) a Levite musician of the family of Heman in the time of David 3) a Danite, son of Jeroham and a prince of the tribe at the census of David 4) one of the sons of Bani who took a foreign wife in the time of Ezra 5) a priest, ancestor of Maasiai or Amashai, a priest in Jerusalem after the return from exile 6) a priest and musician in the time of Nehemiah

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H5881

עֵינָן

e.nan — Enan

A man living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Num.1.15; father of: Ahira (H0299) § Enan = "having eyes" a prince of the tribe of Naphtali at the census at Mount Sinai

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GREEK · G2778

κῆνσος

kēnsos — tax

κῆνσος, -ου, ὁ (Lat. census), a poll-tax: Mat.17:25 22:17, Mrk.12:14 (WH, mg., ἐπικεφάλαιον); τ. νόμισμα τοῦ κ., Mat.22:19 (see MM, Exp., xv).† (AS)

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H5812

עֲזַזְיָ֫הוּ

a.zaz.ya.hu — Azaziah

A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.15.21 § Azaziah = "Jehovah is mighty" 1) a Levite musician in the reign of David who played the harp in the procession which brought the ark from Obed-edom to Jerusalem 2) a Levite in the reign of king Hezekiah of Judah in charge of the tithes 3) father of Hoshea, prince of the tribe of Ephraim when David took the census

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H5837

עַזְרִיאֵל

az.ri.el — Azriel

A man of the tribe of Manasseh living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.5.24 § Azriel = "my help is God" 1) a head of a house of the half-tribe of Manasseh beyond the Jordan 2) a Naphtalite, ancestor of Jerimoth, the head of the tribe at the time of the census of David 3) father of Seraiah, an officer of king Jehoiakim of Judah

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GREEK · G9451

τίμημα

timēma — valuation

1. an estimate, valuation , (Euripides) 2. an estimate of damages, a penalty , Lat. litis aestimatio, (Aristophanes Comicus):—;generally a payment , τύμβου for neglect of his tomb, (Aeschulus Tragicus) 3. estimate of property for taxation, rateable property , Lat. census, (Plato Philosophus), etc.; ἡ ἀπὸ τιμημάτων πολιτεία, = τιμοκρατία, (Xenophon Historicus) (ML)

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Historical dictionary entry

There are five instances of a census of the Jewish people having been taken. (1.) In the fourth month after the Exodus, when the people were encamped at Sinai. The number of men from twenty years old and upward was then 603,550 (Ex. 38:26). (2.) Another census was made just before the entrance into Canaan, when the number was found to be 601,730, showing thus a small decrease (Num. 26:51). (3.) The next census was in the time of David, when the number, exclusive of the tribes of Levi and Benjamin, was found to be 1,300,000 (2 Sam. 24:9; 1 Chr. 21:5). (4.) Solomon made a census of the foreigners in the land, and found 153,600 able-bodied workmen (2 Chr. 2:17, 18). (5.) After the return from Exile the whole congregation of Israel was numbered, and found to amount to 42,360 (Ezra 2:64). A census was made by the Roman government in the time of our Lord (Luke 2:1). (See TAXING.)

Scripture references

Source: Easton’s Bible Dictionary (1897). Historical dictionary wording reflects the scholarship and language of its era.

Compare other reference traditions

Look up Census in Smith’s Bible Dictionary and ISBE →