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First-born

Original Hebrew / Aramaic / Greek connected to this term

How to read this: there is rarely one magic “true meaning” hidden behind an English word. A lexicon records a word’s semantic range. The intended meaning is narrowed by grammar, sentence, author, historical usage and context.

HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H53

אֲבִישָׁלוֹם

a.vi.sha.lom — Absalom

A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.3.3; son of: David (H1732) and Maacah (H4601I); half-brother of: Amnon (H0550), Chileab (H3609), Adonijah (H0138), Shephatiah (H8203), Ithream (H3507), Shammua (H8051H), Shobab (H7727), Nathan (H5416), Solomon (H8010), Ibhar (H2984), Elishua (H0474), Nepheg (H5298H), Japhia (H3309I), Elishama (H0476H), Eliada (H0450), Eliphelet (H0467), Tamar (H8559H), Elpelet (H0467I), Nogah (H5052) and Jerimoth (H3406N); father of: Tamar (H8559I); also called Abishalom at 1Ki.15.2,10; § Absalom or Abishalom = "my father is peace" 1) father-in-law of Rehoboam 2) third son of David, killer of first-born son Amnon, also leader of revolt against his father-David

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H6765

צְלׇפְחָד

tse.loph.chad — Zelophehad

A man of the tribe of Manasseh living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Num.26.33; son of: Hepher (H2660A); father of: Mahlah (H4244), Noah (H5270), Hoglah (H2295), Milcah (H4435H) and Tirzah (H8656) § Zelophehad = "first-born" a Manassite, son of Hepher and grandson of Gilead; came out of Egypt with Moses and died in the wilderness leaving only five daughters as heirs; their right to the inheritance was confirmed by divine direction

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GREEK · G4416

πρωτότοκος

prōtotokos — firstborn

πρωτότοκος, -ον (πρῶτος, τίκτω) [in LXX chiefly for בְּכוֹר ;] first-born: Luk.2:7; pl., Heb.11:28. Metaphorical, of the priority of Christ (originally perh. a Messianic title, cf. Psa.89:28, Heb.1:6; see ICC on Col.1:15): Heb.1:6; π. πάσης κτίσεως, Col.1:15; ἐν πολλοῖς ἀδελφοῖς, Rom.8:29; π. (ἐκ) τ. νεκρῶν, Col.1:18, Rev.1:5; pl., of the elect, ἐκκλησία πρωτοτόκων, Heb.12:23.† (AS)

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GREEK · G3128

Μανασσῆς

Manassēs — Manasseh

Μανασσῆς, -ῆ, ὁ (Heb. מְנַשֶּׁה), Manasseh; 1. (a) the first-born son of Joseph; (b) the tribe which bore his name: Rev.7:6. 2. King of Judah: Mat.1:10.† (AS)

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GREEK · G4415

πρωτοτόκια

prōtotokia — birthright

πρωτοτόκια, -ων, τά (πρωτότοκος) [in LXX (with seel. -εῖα, -εία): Gen.25:31 ff. Gen.27:36, Deu.21:17, 1Ch.5:1 (בְּכוֹרָה) * ;] the rights of the first-born, birthright (= cl. ἡ πρεσβεία): Heb.12:16.† (AS)

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H1064

בְּכוֹרַת

be.kho.rat — Becorath

A man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Sa.9.1; son of: Aphiah (H0647); father of: Zeror (H6872C) § Bechorath = "first-born" a Benjamite ancestor of Saul

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H1076

בַּכְרִי

bakh.ri — Becherite

Someone descended from Becher who was a man of the tribe of Ephraim living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, only mentioned at Num.26.35; son of: Ephraim (H0669); brother of: Shuthelah (H7803), Tahan (H8465), Ezer (H5827), Elead (H0496) and Beriah (H1283H) Group of be.kher (בֶּ֫כֶר "Becher" H1071H) § Bachrites = "a dromedary: first-born" one of the family of Becher

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H6273

עׇתְנִי

ot.ni — Othni

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.26.7; son of: Shemaiah (H8098I); brother of: Rephael (H7501), Obed (H5744J), Elzabad (H0443H), Elihu (H0453I) and Semachiah (H5565) § Othni = "lion of Jehovah" a Levite, son of Shemaiah, the first-born of Obed-edom

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GREEK · G8967

πρωτόγονος

prōtogonos — first-ripe

1. first-born, firstling , (Iliad by Homer); φοῖνιξ πρ. first-created , (Euripides) 2. of rank, πρ. οἶκοι high-born houses, (Sophocles Tragicus) 3. first-ordained , (Lucian) (ML)

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Historical dictionary entry

Sons enjoyed certain special privileges (Deut. 21:17; Gen. 25:23, 31, 34; 49:3; 1 Chr. 5:1; Heb. 12:16; Ps. 89:27). (See BIRTHRIGHT.) The “first-born of the poor” signifies the most miserable of the poor (Isa. 14:30). The “church of the first-born” signifies the church of the redeemed. The destruction of the first-born was the last of the ten plagues inflicted on the Egyptians (Ex. 11:1-8; 12:29, 30). Menephtah is probably the Pharaoh whose first-born was slain. His son did not succeed or survive his father, but died early. The son’s tomb has been found at Thebes unfinished, showing it was needed earlier than was expected. Some of the records on the tomb are as follows: “The son whom Menephtah loves; who draws towards him his father’s heart, the singer, the prince of archers, who governed Egypt on behalf of his father. Dead.”

Scripture references

Source: Easton’s Bible Dictionary (1897). Historical dictionary wording reflects the scholarship and language of its era.

Compare other reference traditions

Look up First-born in Smith’s Bible Dictionary and ISBE →