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Goad

Original Hebrew / Aramaic / Greek connected to this term

How to read this: there is rarely one magic “true meaning” hidden behind an English word. A lexicon records a word’s semantic range. The intended meaning is narrowed by grammar, sentence, author, historical usage and context.

GREEK · G2759

κέντρον

kentron — sting

κέντρον, -ου, τό (εκντέω, to prick), [in LXX: Pro.26:3 (מֶתֶג), Hos.13:14 (קֹטֶב), Hos.5:12, Sir.38:25, 4Ma.14:19 * ;] 1. a sting (4Mac, l.with): Rev.9:10. Metaphorical (as Hos.13:14): τ. θανάτου, 1Co.15:55 (LXX), 1Co.15:56, 2. a goad: pl., Act.26:14.† (AS)

4 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →

HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H8044

שַׁמְגַּר

sham.gar — Shamgar

A Judge living before Israel's Monarchy, first mentioned at Jdg.3.31; son of: Anath (H6067) § Shamgar = "sword" son of Anath and a judge of Israel; with an ox-goad he slew 600 Philistines and delivered Israel

2 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →

GREEK · G7993

κεντέω

kenteō — to sting

1. to prick, goad, spur on , (Iliad by Homer) 2. of bees and wasps, to sting , (Aristophanes Comicus) 3. generally, to prick, stab , (Pindar), etc.: to torture , (Xenophon Historicus): metaphorically, σὺν δόλωι κ. to stab in the dark, (Sophocles Tragicus) (ML)

0 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →

GREEK · G8528

ὀξύνω

oxunō — to sharpen

1. to sharpen : metaphorically to goad to anger, provoke , (Sophocles Tragicus):—;Pass., (Herdotus Historicus) 2. to sharpen, quicken , [variant datesAnthology Palantina (ML)

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Historical dictionary entry

(Heb. malmad, only in Judg. 3: 31), an instrument used by ploughmen for guiding their oxen. Shamgar slew six hundred Philistines with an ox-goad. “The goad is a formidable weapon. It is sometimes ten feet long, and has a sharp point. We could now see that the feat of Shamgar was not so very wonderful as some have been accustomed to think.” In 1 Sam. 13:21, a different Hebrew word is used, dorban, meaning something pointed. The expression (Acts 9:5, omitted in the R.V.), “It is hard for thee to kick against the pricks”, i.e., against the goad, was proverbial for unavailing resistance to superior power.

Scripture references

Source: Easton’s Bible Dictionary (1897). Historical dictionary wording reflects the scholarship and language of its era.

Compare other reference traditions

Look up Goad in Smith’s Bible Dictionary and ISBE →