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Helmet

Original Hebrew / Aramaic / Greek connected to this term

How to read this: there is rarely one magic “true meaning” hidden behind an English word. A lexicon records a word’s semantic range. The intended meaning is narrowed by grammar, sentence, author, historical usage and context.

GREEK · G4030

περικεφαλαία

perikephalaia — helmet

περι-κεφαλαία, -ας, ἡ [in LXX for כּוֹבַע, קוֹבַע ;] a helmet: figuratively, 1Th.5:8; with genitive explic., π. τ. σωτηρίου, Eph.6:17 (cf. Isa.59:17).† (AS)

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GREEK · G6236

ἅλμα

halma — a leap

a spring, leap, bound , (Odyssey by Homer); ἅλμα πέτρας a leap or fall from the rock, (Euripides); κυνῆς ἅλμα the leap of the lot from the helmet, (Sophocles Tragicus) (ML)

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GREEK · G8591

πάλλω

pallō — to agitate

1. to poise or sway a missile before it is thrown, (Euripides) 2. to sway other arms, not missiles, σάκος (Hesiod); πέλτας (Euripides):—;then, to toss a child, (Iliad by Homer); Νὺξ ὄχημm ἔπαλλεν she drave it furiously , (Euripides) 3. κλήρους ἐν κυνέηι πάλλον they shook the lots together in a helmet, till one leapt forth, (Homer): absolute to cast lots , (Iliad by Homer); ὅθ᾽ αὐτοὺς οἱ βραβεῖς κλήροις ἔπηλαν where the stewards ranged them by casting lots, (Sophocles Tragicus):—;Mid. to draw lots , ἔλαχον ἅλα παλλομένων I obtained the sea when we cast lots , (Iliad by Homer); so in (Herdotus Historicus) 4. Pass. to swing or dash oneself , ἐν ἄντυγι πάλτο he dashed himself upon the shield-rim, (Iliad by Homer): to quiver, leap , especially in fear, πάλλεται ἦτορ (Iliad by Homer); also of the person, παλλομένη κραδίην (Iliad by Homer); of dying fish, to quiver, leap , (Herdotus Historicus) 5. intransitive, like the Pass., to leap, bound , (Euripides): to quiver , (Sophocles Tragicus) (ML)

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GREEK · G9168

στεφάνη

stephanē — a rim

1. anything that encircles the head, for defence or ornament: 2. the brim of the helmet, projecting behind as well as before, (Iliad by Homer) 3. part of a woman's head-dress, a diadem, coronal , (Iliad by Homer), etc.:—;metaphorically, of a city, ἀπὸ στεφάναν κέκαρσαι πύργων thou hast been shorn of thy coronal of towers, (Euripides) 4. the brim or edge of anything, the brow of a hill, edge of a cliff , (Iliad by Homer); of a basket, (Moschus Bucolicus) (ML)

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GREEK · G9602

ὕπτιος

huptios — steep

1. laid back, laid on one's back , πέσεν ὕπτιος he fell backwards , opposite to πρηνής, (Iliad by Homer); of a quadruped, ὀρθοῦ ἑστεῶτος καὶ ὑπτίου rearing upright and falling backwards , (Herdotus Historicus) 2. generally with the under side uppermost , χείρ ὑπτία the hollow of the hand, (Plutarch); ἐξ ὑπτίου κράνους from the upturned helmet, with the hollow uppermost , (Aeschulus Tragicus); so, παράθες ὑπτίαν τὴν ἀσπίδα); (Aristophanes Comicus); ἀψὶς ὑπτία a half-wheel with the concave side uppermost , (Herdotus Historicus); ὑπτίοις σέλμασιν ναυτίλλεται he sails with the bottom uppermost , i. e. suffers shipwreck, (Sophocles Tragicus); ἐξ ὑπτίας νεῖν to swim on the back (in metaphorically sense), (Plato Philosophus) 3. of land, sloping evenly , of Egypt, (Herdotus Historicus) (ML)

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GREEK · G9795

ψιλός

psilos — bare

1. bare , 2. of land, ψιλὴ ἄροσις a bare corn-field, (Iliad by Homer); πεδίον μέγα τε καὶ ψιλόν (Herdotus Historicus): with genitive, γῆ ψιλὴ δενδρέων land bare of trees, (Herdotus Historicus):—; ψιλὴ γεωργία the tillage of land for corn , opposite to γ. πεφυτευμένη (for vines and olives) , (Aristotle Philosopher) 3. of animals, stript of hair or feathers, bare, smooth , δέρμα (Odyssey by Homer); ἶβις ψιλὴ κεφαλήν bald on the head, (Herdotus Historicus) 4. generally, bare, uncovered , ψιλὸν ὡς ὁρᾷ νέκυν (Sophocles Tragicus):—;with genitive bare of, separated from , ψιλὴ σώματος οὖσα [ ἡ ψυχή] (Plato Philosophus) b. bare, stript of appendages , ψιλὴ τρόπις the bare keel with the planks torn from it, (Odyssey by Homer); ψ. θρίδαξ a lettuce with the side-leaves pulled off , (Herdotus Historicus); ψ. μάχαιραι swords without other arms , (Xenophon Historicus) 5. οἱ ψιλοί (i.e. τῶν ὅπλων); soldiers without heavy armour, light troops , such as archers and slingers, opposite to ὁπλῖται, (Herdotus Historicus), etc.; τὸ ψιλόν, opposite to τὸ ὁπλιτικόν, (Xenophon Historicus); ψ. ἔχων τὴν κεφαλήν bare-headed, without helmet , (Xenophon Historicus) 6. ψιλὸς λόγος bare language, i. e. prose , as opposite to poetry which is clothed in metre, (Plato Philosophus); also, ψ. λόγος is a mere speech, a speech unsupported by evidence , (Demosthenes Orator) 7. ψιλὴ ποίησις mere poetry, without music , i. e. epic poetry, as opposite to lyric , (Plato Philosophus):—;but, ψιλὴ μουσική instrumental music unaccompanied by the voice , (Aristotle Philosopher) 8. Oedipus seems to call Antigone his ψιλὸν ὄμμα, as being the one poor eye left him, (Sophocles Tragicus) 9. adverb ψιλῶς, merely, only , (Plutarch) (ML)

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Historical dictionary entry

(Heb. kob’a), a cap for the defence of the head (1 Sam. 17:5, 38). In the New Testament the Greek equivalent is used (Eph. 6:17; 1 Thess. 5:8). (See ARMS.)

Scripture references

Source: Easton’s Bible Dictionary (1897). Historical dictionary wording reflects the scholarship and language of its era.

Compare other reference traditions

Look up Helmet in Smith’s Bible Dictionary and ISBE →