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Midian

Original Hebrew / Aramaic / Greek connected to this term

How to read this: there is rarely one magic “true meaning” hidden behind an English word. A lexicon records a word’s semantic range. The intended meaning is narrowed by grammar, sentence, author, historical usage and context.

HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H4080

מִדְיָן

mid.yan — Midian

A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.2; son of: Abraham (H0085) and Keturah (H6989); half-brother of: Ishmael (H3458) and Isaac (H3327); brother of: Zimran (H2175), Jokshan (H3370), Medan (H4091), Ishbak (H3435) and Shuah (H7744); father of: Ephah (H5891), Epher (H6081), Hanoch (H2585I), Abida (H0028) and Eldaah (H0420) § Midian or Midianite = "strife" 1) son of Abraham by Keturah and progenitor of the tribe of Midianites or Arabians 2) the tribe descended from Midian 3) the territory of the tribe descended from Midian; located principally in the desert north of the Arabian peninsula; land to which Moses went when he fled from Pharaoh

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GREEK · G3099

Μαδιάν

Madian — Midian

Μαδιάμ, ὁ indecl. (Heb. מִדְיָן), Midian; 1. son of Abraham (Gen.25:2). 2. An Arabian tribe (Gen.36:35, Psa.83:9, al). 3. γῆ Μ. (Heb. מִדְיָן אֶרֶץ), the land of Midian (Exo.2:15, al.): Act.7:29.† (AS)

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H85

אַבְרָהָם

av.ra.ham — Abraham

A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.11.26; son of: Terah (H8646); brother of: Nahor (H5152H), Haran (H2039) and Sarah (H8283); married to Sarah (H8283), Hagar (H1904) and Keturah (H6989); father of: Ishmael (H3458), Isaac (H3327), Zimran (H2175), Jokshan (H3370), Medan (H4091), Midian (H4080), Ishbak (H3435) and Shuah (H7744); also called Abram at Gen.11.26--17.5; 2x § Abraham = "father of a multitude" or "chief of multitude" friend of God and founder of Hebrew nation via God's elective covenant

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H3327

יִצְחָק

yits.chaq — Isaac

A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.17.19; son of: Abraham (H0085) and Sarah (H8283); half-brother of: Ishmael (H3458), Zimran (H2175), Jokshan (H3370), Medan (H4091), Midian (H4080), Ishbak (H3435) and Shuah (H7744); married to Rebekah (H7259); father of: Esau (H6215) and Israel (H3478) § Isaac = "he laughs" son of Abraham by Sarah his wife and father of Jacob and Esau

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H87

אַבְרָם

av.ram — Abram

A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.11.26; son of: Terah (H8646); brother of: Nahor (H5152H), Haran (H2039) and Sarah (H8283); married to Sarah (H8283), Hagar (H1904) and Keturah (H6989); father of: Ishmael (H3458), Isaac (H3327), Zimran (H2175), Jokshan (H3370), Medan (H4091), Midian (H4080), Ishbak (H3435) and Shuah (H7744); also called Abram at Gen.11.26--17.5; 2x Another name of av.ra.ham (אַבְרָהָם "Abraham" H0085) § Abram = "exalted father" original name of Abraham

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H3458

יִשְׁמָעֵאל

yish.ma.el — Ishmael

A man of Arabia living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.16.11; son of: Abraham (H0085) and Hagar (H1904); half-brother of: Isaac (H3327), Zimran (H2175), Jokshan (H3370), Medan (H4091), Midian (H4080), Ishbak (H3435) and Shuah (H7744); father of: Nebaioth (H5032), Kedar (H6938), Adbeel (H0110), Mibsam (H4017), Mishma (H4927), Dumah (H1746), Massa (H4854), Hadad (H2301), Tema (H8485), Jetur (H3195), Naphish (H5305), Kedemah (H6929) and Mahalath (H4258) § Ishmael = "God will hear" 1) son of Abraham and Sarah's handmaid Hagar and the progenitor of the Arabian peoples 2) son of Nethaniah and the murderer of Gedaliah 3) a Benjamite, one of the sons of Azel a descendant of Saul through Meribbaal or Mephibosheth 4) a Judaite, father of Zebadiah 5) a Judaite, son of Johanan and one of the captains who aided Jehoiada in restoring Joash to the throne 6) a priest of the family of Pashur with a foreign wife whom he was forced to put away by Ezra

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H1439

גִּדְעוֹן

gid.on — Gideon

A Judge living before Israel's Monarchy, first mentioned at Jdg.6.11; son of: Joash (H3101); father of: Jether (H3500), Abimelech (H0040H) and Jotham (H3147); also called Jerubbaal at Jdg.6.32; 7.1; 8.29,35; 9.1,2,5,16,19,24,28,57; 1xJerubbesheth at 2Sa.11.21; § Gideon = "hewer" youngest son of Joash of the Abiezrites, fifth judge of Israel who led the Israelites against the Midianites

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H2354

חוּר

chur — Hur

A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Exo.17.10; son of: Caleb (H3612H) and Ephrathah (H0672); half-brother of: Jesher (H3475), Shobab (H7727H), Ardon (H0715), Mareshah@1Ch.2.42 (H4337), Haran (H2771B), Moza (H4162), Gazez (H1495), Jahdai (H3056), Sheber (H7669), Tirhanah (H8647), Shaaph (H8174H), Sheva (H7724) and Achsah (H5915H); father of: Uri (H0221), Shobal (H7732H), Salma (H8007H), Hareph (H2780), Jezreel (H3157J), Ishma (H3457), Idbash (H3031), Hazzelelponi (H6753), Penuel (H6439H) and Ezer (H5829) § Hur = "hole" 1) a chief assistant to Moses and Aaron 2) grandfather of Bezaleel, the chief artificer of the tabernacle; possibly the same as 1 above 3) the 4th of the 5 kings of Midian who were slain with Balaam after Peor 4) father of Rephaiah in the time of Nehemiah 5) father of Ben-Hur who was commissariat officer for Solomon in Mount Ephraim

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H2585

חֲנוֹךְ

cha.nokh — Enoch

A man living at the time before the Flood, first mentioned at Gen.4.17; son of: Cain (H7014B); father of: Irad (H5897) § Enoch = "dedicated" 1) eldest son of Cain 2) son of Jared and father of Methuselah whom God took home to heaven without dying 3) the city which Cain built and named after his son Enoch (after himself) Hanoch = "dedicated" 4) a son of Midian, the third child 5) the eldest son of Reuben

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H2174

זִמְרִי

zim.ri — Zimri

A king of the Kingdom of Israel, living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.16.9 § Zimri = "my music" 1) the son of Salu, a Simeonite chieftain, slain by Phinehas with the Midianitish princess Cozbi 2) 5th king of the northern kingdom, murderer of the king, Elah, who reigned for 7 days before he killed himself by setting the palace on fire and was replaced by the general of the army, Omri 3) one of the five sons of Zerah and grandson of Judah 4) son of Jehoadah and descendant of Saul

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H1908

הֲדַד

ha.dad — Hadad

A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.35; son of: Bedad (H0911) § Hadad = "mighty" 1) son of Ishmael 2) a king of Edom who gained an important victory over the Midianites on the field of Moab 3) another king of Edom, with Pau for his capital 4) a member of the royal house of Edom who escaped the massacre under Joab and fled with a band of followers into Egypt; after David's death, he returned to his own country

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H2078

זֶ֫בַח

ze.vach — Zebah

A man living before Israel's Monarchy, first mentioned at Jdg.8.5 § Zebah = "deprived of protection" one of the two kings of Midian who commanded the great invasion of Palestine and finally were defeated by Gideon

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H6759

צַלְמֻנָּע

tsal.mun.na — Zalmunna

A man living before Israel's Monarchy, first mentioned at Jdg.8.5 § Zalmunna = "deprived of protection" a Midianite king slain by Gideon

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H3459

יִשְׁמְעֵאלִי

yish.ma.e.li — Ishmaelite

Someone descended from Ishmael who was a man of Arabia living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.16.11; son of: Abraham (H0085) and Hagar (H1904); half-brother of: Isaac (H3327), Zimran (H2175), Jokshan (H3370), Medan (H4091), Midian (H4080), Ishbak (H3435) and Shuah (H7744); father of: Nebaioth (H5032), Kedar (H6938), Adbeel (H0110), Mibsam (H4017), Mishma (H4927), Dumah (H1746), Massa (H4854), Hadad (H2301), Tema (H8485), Jetur (H3195), Naphish (H5305), Kedemah (H6929) and Mahalath (H4258) Group of yish.ma.el (יִשְׁמָעֵאל "Ishmael" H3458) § Ishmaelite , of Ishmael "God will hear" a descendant of Ishmael

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H4084

מִדְיָנִי

mid.ya.ni — Midianite

Someone from Midian Group of mid.yan (מִדְיָן "Midian" H4080H) § Midianite, of Midian "strife" a member of the tribe of Midian 2) an inhabitant of the land of Midian

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H7552

רֶ֫קֶם

re.qem — Rekem

A man living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Num.31.8 § Rekem = "variegation" one of the 5 kings of Midian killed by the Israelites

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H5891

עֵיפָה

e.phah — Ephah

A man of the Midianites living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.4; son of: Midian (H4080); brother of: Epher (H6081), Hanoch (H2585I), Abida (H0028) and Eldaah (H0420) § Ephah = "gloomy" 1) a son of Midian 2) a Judaite, son of Jahdai 3) a concubine of Caleb in the line of Judah

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H6698

צוּר

tsur — Zur

A man living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, only mentioned at Num.25.15; father of: Cozbi (H3579) § Zur = "rock" 1) father of Cozbi and one of the 5 Midianite princes who were slain when Balaam fell 2) son of Jehiel, the father or leader of Gibeon

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H3446

יִשְׂחָק

yis.chaq — Isaac

A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.17.19; son of: Abraham (H0085) and Sarah (H8283); half-brother of: Ishmael (H3458), Zimran (H2175), Jokshan (H3370), Medan (H4091), Midian (H4080), Ishbak (H3435) and Shuah (H7744); married to Rebekah (H7259); father of: Esau (H6215) and Israel (H3478) Another spelling of yits.chaq (יִצְחָק "Isaac" H3327) § Isaac = "he laughs" son of Abraham by Sarah his wife and father of Jacob and Esau

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H6081

עֵ֫פֶר

e.pher — Epher

A man of the Midianites living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.4; son of: Midian (H4080); brother of: Ephah (H5891), Hanoch (H2585I), Abida (H0028) and Eldaah (H0420) § Epher = "a calf" 1) the 2nd son of Midian 2) a son of Ezra, among the descendants of Judah 3) one of the heads of the families of Manasseh on the east of the Jordan

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H6159

עֹרֵב

o.rev — Oreb

A man living before Israel's Monarchy, first mentioned at Jdg.7.25 § Oreb = "raven" 1) one of the chieftains of the Midianite army defeated by Gideon 2) a rock east of the Jordan where Oreb and part of his army fell to the Ephraimites

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H6989

קְטוּרָה

qe.tu.rah — Keturah

A woman living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.1; married to Abraham (H0085); mother of: Zimran (H2175), Jokshan (H3370), Medan (H4091), Midian (H4080), Ishbak (H3435) and Shuah (H7744) § Keturah = "incense" wife of Abraham after Sarah's death

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H2062

זְאֵב

ze.ev — Zeeb

A man living before Israel's Monarchy, first mentioned at Jdg.7.25 § Zeeb = "wolf" one of the two princes of Midian mentioned in the conquest; brought to bay in a winepress

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H3370

יׇקְשָׁן

yoq.shan — Jokshan

A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.2; son of: Abraham (H0085) and Keturah (H6989); brother of: Zimran (H2175), Medan (H4091), Midian (H4080), Ishbak (H3435) and Shuah (H7744); father of: Sheba (H7614I) and Dedan (H1719C); half-brother of: Ishmael (H3458) and Isaac (H3327) § Jokshan = "snarer" a son of Abraham by Keturah and father of Sheba and Dedan

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Historical dictionary entry

Strife, the fourth son of Abraham by Keturah, the father of the Midianites (Gen. 25:2; 1 Chr. 1:32).

Scripture references

Source: Easton’s Bible Dictionary (1897). Historical dictionary wording reflects the scholarship and language of its era.

Compare other reference traditions

Look up Midian in Smith’s Bible Dictionary and ISBE →