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BIBLE DICTIONARY + WORD STUDY

Moon

Original Hebrew / Aramaic / Greek connected to this term

How to read this: there is rarely one magic “true meaning” hidden behind an English word. A lexicon records a word’s semantic range. The intended meaning is narrowed by grammar, sentence, author, historical usage and context.

GREEK · G4582

σελήνη

selēnē — moon

σελήνη, -ης, ἡ [in LXX chiefly for יָרֵחַ (Gen.37:9, al.), also for לְבָנָה; (Sng.6:9(10), ?Isa.24:23 30:26) ;] the moon: Mat.24:29, Mrk.13:24, Luk.21:25, Act.2:20" (LXX), 1Co.15:41, Rev.6:12 8:12 12:1 21:23.† (AS)

9 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →

HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H6635

צָבָא

tsa.va — army

: army 1) that which goes forth, army, war, warfare, host 1a) army, host 1a1) host (of organised army) 1a2) host (of angels) 1a3) of sun, moon, and stars 1a4) of whole creation 1b) war, warfare, service, go out to war 1c) service

461 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →

HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H2320

חֹ֫דֶשׁ

cho.desh — month

: month 1) the new moon, month, monthly 1a) the first day of the month 1b) the lunar month

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H216

אוֹר

or — light

1) light 1a) light of day 1b) light of heavenly luminaries (moon, sun, stars) 1c) day-break, dawn, morning light 1d) daylight 1e) lightning 1f) light of lamp 1g) light of life 1h) light of prosperity 1i) light of instruction 1j) light of face (fig.) 1k) Jehovah as Israel's light

108 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →

HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H3405

יְרִיחוֹ

ye.ri.cho — Jericho

Jericho = "its moon" a city 5 miles (8 km) west of the Jordan and 7 miles (11.5 km) north of the Dead Sea and the first city conquered by the Israelites upon entering the promised land of Canaan Also named: Hierichō (Ἱεριχώ "Jericho" G2410)

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H215

אוֹר

or — to light

1) to be or become light, shine 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to become light (day) 1a2) to shine (of the sun) 1a3) to become bright 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be illuminated 1b2) to become lighted up 1c) (Hiphil) 1c1) to give light, shine (of sun, moon, and stars) 1c2) to illumine, light up, cause to shine, shine 1c3) to kindle, light (candle, wood) 1c4) lighten (of the eyes, his law, etc) 1c5) to make shine (of the face)

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GREEK · G3376

μήν

mēn — month

μήν genitive, μηνός, ὁ, [in LXX very frequently for חֹדֶשׁ, Gen.7:11, al.; a few times for יֶרַח ;] a month: Luk.1:24, 26 1:36, 56 4:25, Act.7:20 18:11 19:8 20:3 28:11, Jas.5:17, Rev.9:5, 10 9:15 11:2 13:5 22:2; pl., of the festival of the new moon (cf. Isa.66:23), Gal.4:10.† (AS)

18 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →

HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H5576

סַנְחֵרִיב

san.che.riv — Sennacherib

A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Ki.18.13; father of: Adrammelech (H0152H), Sharezer (H8272) and Esarhaddon (H0634); also called Sargon at Isa.20.1; Also named: sar.gon (סַרְגוֹן "Sargon" H5623) § Sennacherib = "Sin multiplied brothers" (Sin = the moon) son of Sargon, father of Esarhaddon, and king of Assyria from 705-681 BC; attacked Judah during the reign of king Hezekiah and Judah was delivered when in response to the prayer of Hezekiah an angel smote 185,000 Assyrian soldiers

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H3391

יֶ֫רַח

ye.rach — month

1) month (lunar cycle), moon 1a) month 1b) calendar month Aramaic equivalent: ye.rach (יְרַח "month" H3393)

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GREEK · G4583

σεληνιάζομαι

selēniazomai — be epileptic

σεληνιάζω (σελήνη), act, in Manetho (Caren., 4, 81), in NT depon. -ομαι, to be moonstruck, i.e. epileptic (epilepsy being supposed to be influenced by the moon): Mat.4:24 17:15.† (AS)

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GREEK · G5338

φέγγος

phengos — brightness

φέγγος, -ους, τό [in LXX chiefly for נֹגַהּ ;] light, brightness, usually with genitive of something that shines or reflects: of the moon, Mat.24:29, Mrk.13:24; of a lamp, Luk.11:33 (WH, RV, φῶς).† SYN.: αὐγή, q.v (AS)

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H3392

יֶ֫רַח

ye.rach — Jerah

A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.26; son of: Joktan (H3355); brother of: Almodad (H0486), Sheleph (H8026), Hazarmaveth (H2700), Hadoram (H1913A), Uzal (H0187), Diklah (H1853), Obal (H5745), Abimael (H0039), Sheba (H7614H), Ophir (H0211), Havilah (H2341I) and Jobab (H3103) § Jerah = "new moon" a 4th son of Joktan and a progenitor of an Arabian tribe

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H3838

לְבָנָא

le.va.na — Lebanah

A man living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Ezr.2.45; also called Lebana at Neh.7.48; § Lebanah or Lebana = "moon-white" head of a family of exiles who returned with Zerubbabel

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GREEK · G3561

νουμηνία

noumēnia — New Moon

νεομηνία (Att.. contr., νουμ-, Rec.), -ας, ἡ (νέος, μήν), [in LXX chiefly for חֹדֶשׁ ;] new moon: of the Jewish festival, Col.2:16.† (AS)

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H2321

חֹ֫דֶשׁ

cho.desh — Hodesh

A womanof the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.8.9; married to Shaharaim (H7842); mother of: Jobab (H3103J), Zibia (H6644), Mesha (H4331), Malcam (H4445A), Jeuz (H3263), Sachia (H7634) and Mirmah (H4821) § Hodesh = "new moon" the wife of Shaharaim, a Benjamite

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H3386

יָרוֹחַ

ya.ro.ach — Jaroah

A man of the tribe of Gad living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.5.14; son of: Gilead (H1568J); father of: Huri (H2359) § Jaroah = "new moon" a chief man of the tribe of Gad

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GREEK · G20618

κύκλος

kuklos — sphere, globe

1. a ring, circle, round , (Homer); ἀσπίδος κύκλος the round shield, (Aeschulus Tragicus) 2. Adverbial usages, κύκλῳ in a circle or ring, round about , (Odyssey by Homer), attic; with genitive, κ. τοῦ στρατοπέδου (Xenophon Historicus), etc. 3. any circular body : 4. a wheel , (Iliad by Homer) 5. a place of assembly , the ἀγορά, (Iliad by Homer), attic:—;then, like Lat. corona, a ring or circle of people , (Sophocles Tragicus) 6. the vault of the sky, (Herdotus Historicus), etc. 7. the orb or disk of the sun and moon, (Herdotus Historicus), etc. 9. a round shield , see. above 1. 10. in plural the eye-balls, eyes , (Sophocles Tragicus):—;rarely in singular, the eye , (Sophocles Tragicus) 11. any circular motion, an orbit of the heavenly bodies, revolution of the seasons, cycle of events, (Herdotus Historicus) 12. a circular dance , (Aristophanes Comicus) (ML)

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GREEK · G6194

ἀκοντίζω

akontizō — to shoot

1. to hurl a javelin , τινός at one, (Iliad by Homer); ἐπί τινι (Iliad by Homer):—;the weapon is put in dative, ἀκόντισε δουρί darted with his spear, (Iliad by Homer); also in accusative, ἀκόντισαν ὀξέα δοῦρα darted their spears, (Odyssey by Homer) 2. with accusative pers. to hit with a javelin , (Herdotus Historicus), etc.; Pass. to be so hit or wounded , (Euripides) 3. to shoot forth rays , of the moon, (Euripides) 4. intransitive to pierce , εἴσω γῆς (Euripides) (ML)

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Historical dictionary entry

Heb. yareah, from its paleness (Ezra 6:15), and lebanah, the “white” (Cant. 6:10; Isa. 24:23), was appointed by the Creator to be with the sun “for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years” (Gen. 1:14-16). A lunation was among the Jews the period of a month, and several of their festivals were held on the day of the new moon. It is frequently referred to along with the sun (Josh. 10:12; Ps. 72:5, 7, 17; 89:36, 37; Eccl. 12:2; Isa. 24:23, etc.), and also by itself (Ps. 8:3; 121:6). The great brilliance of the moon in Eastern countries led to its being early an object of idolatrous worship (Deut. 4:19; 17:3; Job 31:26), a form of idolatry against which the Jews were warned (Deut. 4:19; 17:3). They, however, fell into this idolatry, and offered incense (2 Kings 23:5; Jer. 8:2), and also cakes of honey, to the moon (Jer. 7:18; 44:17-19, 25).

Scripture references

Ezra 6:15Song of Solomon 6:10Isaiah 24:23Genesis 1:14-16Joshua 10:12Psalms 72:5Psalms 72:7Psalms 72:17Ecclesiastes 12:2Psalms 8:3Psalms 121:6Deuteronomy 4:19Deuteronomy 17:3Job 31:262 Kings 23:5Jeremiah 8:2Jeremiah 7:18Jeremiah 44:17-19Jeremiah 44:25Psalms 104:19Sir 43:6Sir 43:7Job 31:27Isaiah 13:10Joel 2:31Matthew 24:29Mark 13:24

Source: Easton’s Bible Dictionary (1897). Historical dictionary wording reflects the scholarship and language of its era.

Compare other reference traditions

Look up Moon in Smith’s Bible Dictionary and ISBE →