HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H7219
רֹאשׁ
rosh — poison
gall, venom, bitter, poisonous
12 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →BIBLE DICTIONARY + WORD STUDY
Poison
Original Hebrew / Aramaic / Greek connected to this term
How to read this: there is rarely one magic “true meaning” hidden behind an English word. A lexicon records a word’s semantic range. The intended meaning is narrowed by grammar, sentence, author, historical usage and context.
HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H2534
חֵמָה
che.mah — rage
1) heat, rage, hot displeasure, indignation, anger, wrath, poison, bottles 1a) heat 1a1) fever 1a2) venom, poison (fig.) 1b) burning anger, rage Aramaic equivalent: che.ma (חֱמָא "rage" H2528)
88 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H8314
שָׂרָף
sa.raph — serpent
1) serpent, fiery serpent 1a) poisonous serpent (fiery from burning effect of poison)
7 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H6848
צֶ֫פַע
tse.pah — serpent
1) poisonous serpent 1a) a viper snake or adder
5 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H4846
מְרֹרָה
me.ro.rah — gall
1) bitter thing, gall, poison 1a) gall, gall-bladder (seat of gall) 1b) poison, venom 1c) bitter thing 1d) bitterness
4 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →GREEK · G2447
ἰός
ios — poison/rust
ἰός, -οῦ, ὁ [in LXX: Eze.24:6, 11-12 (חֶלְאָה), Psa.140:3 (חֵמָה), al. ;] 1. an arrow. 2. rust (Ez, l.with): Jas.5:3 (cf. MM, Exp., xv). 3. poison: figuratively, Rom.3:13 (Ps. l.with), Jas.3:8.† (AS)
3 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →GREEK · G5331
φαρμακεία
pharmakeia — sorcery
φαρμακία (Rec. -εία), -ας, ἡ (φαρμακεύω, to administer drugs) poët. and late prose form of φαρμακεία, [in LXX: Exo.7:11, 22 8:7, 18 (3, 14) (לָט, חַרְטֹם), Isa.47:9, 12 (כֶּשֶׁף) Wis.12:4 18:13 * ;] 1. generally, the use of medicine, drugs or spells (Xen.). 2. (a) poisoning (Plut., Polyb.); (b) sorcery, witchcraft: Gal.5:20 (see Lft., in l), Rev.9:21 (WH, txt., φαρμάκων) Rev.18:23 (cf. LXX, ll. with).† (AS)
2 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →GREEK · G9618
φαρμακεύω
pharmakeuō — to administer potions
1. to administer a drug , (Plato Philosophus) 2. to use enchantments , φαρμακεύειν τι ἐς τὸν ποταμόν to use it as a charm to calm the river, (Herdotus Historicus) 3. with accusative pers. to drug, give him a poisonous or stupefying drug , (Euripides) (ML)
0 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →Historical dictionary entry
(1.) Heb. hemah, “heat,” the poison of certain venomous reptiles (Deut. 32:24, 33; Job 6:4; Ps. 58:4), causing inflammation. (2.) Heb. rosh, “a head,” a poisonous plant (Deut. 29:18), growing luxuriantly (Hos. 10:4), of a bitter taste (Ps. 69:21; Lam. 3:5), and coupled with wormwood; probably the poppy. This word is rendered “gall”, q.v., (Deut. 29:18; 32:33; Ps. 69:21; Jer. 8:14, etc.), “hemlock” (Hos. 10:4; Amos 6:12), and “poison” (Job 20:16), “the poison of asps,” showing that the rosh was not exclusively a vegetable poison. (3.) In Rom. 3:13 (comp. Job 20:16; Ps. 140:3), James 3:8, as the rendering of the Greek ios.
Scripture references
Deuteronomy 32:24Deuteronomy 32:33Job 6:4Psalms 58:4Deuteronomy 29:18Hosea 10:4Psalms 69:21Lamentations 3:5Jeremiah 8:14Amos 6:12Job 20:16Romans 3:13Psalms 140:3James 3:8
Source: Easton’s Bible Dictionary (1897). Historical dictionary wording reflects the scholarship and language of its era.