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BIBLE DICTIONARY + WORD STUDY

Smith

Original Hebrew / Aramaic / Greek connected to this term

How to read this: there is rarely one magic “true meaning” hidden behind an English word. A lexicon records a word’s semantic range. The intended meaning is narrowed by grammar, sentence, author, historical usage and context.

GREEK · G1722

ἐν

en — in/on/among

ἐν, prep, (the most frequently of all in NT), with dative (= Heb. בְּ, Lat. in, with abl.). I. Of place, with dative of thing(s), of person(s), in, within, on, at, by, among: ἐν τ. πόλει, Luk.7:37; τ. οφθαλμῷ, Mat.7:3; τ. κοιλίᾳ, Mat.12:40; τ. ὄρει, 2Pe.1:18; τ. θρόνῳ, Rev.3:21; τ. δεξιᾷ τ. θεοῦ, Rom.8:34; ἐν ἡμῖν Abbott-Smith has ὑμῖν., Luk.1:1; of books, ἐν τ. βιβλίῳ, Gal.3:10; τ. νόμῳ, Mat.12:5, al.; ἐν τοῖς τ. Πατρός, in my Father's house (RV; cf. M, Pr., 103), Luk.2:49; trop., of the region of thought or feeling, ἐν τ. καρδίᾳ (-αις), Mat.5:28, 2Co.4:6, al.; τ. συνειδήσεσιν, 2Co.5:11; after verbs of motion, instead of εἰς (constructio praegnans, a usage extended in late Gk. beyond the limits observed in cl.; cf. Bl., §41, 1; M, Th., 12), ἀποστέλλω . . . ἐν, Mat.10:16. δέδωκεν ἐν τ. χειρί (cf. τιθέναι ἐν χερσί, Hom., Il., i, 441, al.), Jhn.3:35; id. after verbs of coming and going (not in cl.), εἰσῆλθε, Luk.9:46; ἐξῆλθεν, Luk.7:17. II. Of state, condition, form, occupation, etc.: ἐν ζωῇ, Rom.5:10; ἐν τ. θανάτῳ, 1Jn.3:14; ἐν πειρασμοῖς, 1Pe.1:6; ἐν εἰρήνῃ, Mrk.5:25; ἐν δόξῃ, Php.4:19; ἐν πραΰτητι, Jas.3:13; ἐν μυστηρίῳ, 1Co.2:7; ἐν τ. διδαχῇ, Mrk.4:2; of a part as contained in a whole, ἐν τ. ἀμπέλῳ, Jhn.15:4; ἐν ἑνὶ σώματι, Rom.12:4; of accompanying objects or persons (simple dative in cl.), with, ἐν αἵματι, Heb.9:25; ἐν δέκα χιλιάσιν, Luk.14:31 (cf. Ju 14, Act.7:14); similarly (cl.), of clothing, armour, arms, ἐν στολαῖς, Mrk.12:38; ἐν ἐσθῆτι λαμπρᾷ, Jas.2:2; ἐν μαξαίρῃ, Luk.22:49; ἐν ῥάβδῳ, 1Co.4:21 (cf. ἐν τόξοις, Xen., Mem., 3, 9, 2); of manner (cl.), ἐν τάχει (= ταχέως), Luk.18:8 (cf. Bl., §41, 1); of spiritual influence, ἐν πνεύματι, Rom.8:9; ἐν π. ἀκαθάρτῳ, Mrk.1:23; of the mystical relation of the Christian life and the believer himself, to God and Christ (cf. ICC, Ro., 160f.; Mayor on Ju 1; M, Pr., 103): ἐν Χριστῷ, Rom.3:24, 6:11, 1Co.3:1, 4:10, 2Co.12:2, Gal.2:17, Eph.6:21, Col.4:7, 1Th.4:16, al. III. Of the agent, instrument or means (an extension of cl. ἐν of instr.—see LS, see word Ill—corresponding to similar use of Heb. בְּ), by, with: ἐν ὑμῖν κρίνεται ὁ κόσμος (= cl. παρά, C. dative), 1Co.6:2; ἐν τ. ἄρχοντι τ. δαιμονίων, Mat.9:34; ἐν αἵματι, Heb.9:22; ἐν ὕδατι, Mat.3:11, al.; ἐν μαχαίρᾳ ἀποκτενεῖ (cf. the absol. ἐν μ., ἐν ῥάβδῳ, supr., II, which some would classify here), Rev.13:10 (cf. 6:8). Allied to this usage and distinctly Semitic are the following: ἠγόρασας . . . ἐν τ. αἵματι σου (cf. BDB, see word בְּ, III, 3), Rev.5:9; ὁμολογεῖν ἐν (= Aram. אודי בּ; cf. McNeile on Mt, I.with; M, Pr., 104), Mat.10:32, Luk.12:8; ὀμνύναι ἐν (= cl. accusative, so Jas.5:12), Mat.5:34, al.; also at the rate of, amounting to, Mrk.4:8 (WH; vv. ll., εἰς, ἒν), Act.7:14 (LXX). IV. Of time, (a) in or during a period: ἐν τ. ἡμέρᾳ (νυκτί), Jhn.11:9, al.; ἐν σαββάτῳ, Mat.12:2, al.; ἐν τῷ μεταξύ, meanwhile, Jhn.4:31; (b) at the time of an event: ἐν τ. παρουσίᾳ, 1Co.15:23; ἐν τ. ἀναστάσει, Mat.22:28; (with) with art. inf., (α) present (so sometimes in cl., but not as in NT = ἕως; V. M, Pr., 215), while: Mat.13:4, Mrk.6:48, Gal.4:18, al.; (β) aor., when, after: Luk.9:36, al.; (d) within (cl.): Mat.27:40, V. In composition: (1) meaning: (a) with adjectives, it signifies usually the possession of a quality, as ἐνάλιος, ἐν́δοξος; (b) with verbs, continuance in (before ἐν) or motion into (before εἰς), as ἐμμένω, ἐμβαίνω. (ii) Assimilation: ἐν becomes ἐμ- before β, μ, π, φ, ψ; ἐγ- before γ, κ, ξ, χ; ἐλ- before λ. But in the older MSS of NT, followed by modern editions, assimilation is sometimes neglected, as in ἐνγράφω, ἐγκαινίζω, etc. (AS)

2094 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →

GREEK · G3551

νόμος

nomos — law

νόμος, -ου, ὁ (νέμω, to deal out, distribute), [in LXX chiefly for תּוֹרָה, also for חֻקָּה, etc. ;] that which is assigned, hence, usage, custom, then law; in NT (only in Mt, Jo, Ja, and the Lucan and Pauline bks.); 1. of law in general: Rom.3:27 5:13b; pl., of divine laws, Heb.8:10 10:16; ὁ ν. τ. Χριστοῦ, Gal.6:2; (τ.) ἐλευθερίας, Jas.1:25 2:12; βασιλικιός (Hort., in l.; Deiss., LAE, 267:3), Jas.2:8. 2. Of a force or influence impelling to action: Rom.7:21, 23a, 25 8:2. 3. Of the Mosaic law: Mat.5:18, Luk.2:27, Jhn.1:17, Act.6:13, Rom.2:15, 1Co.9:8, 1Ti.1:8, Heb.7:19; al.; Μωυσέως, Luk.2:22, Jhn.7:23, Act.15:5, al.; κυρίου, Luk.2:39; κατὰ τὸν ν., Act.22:12, Heb.7:5 9:22. 4. As printed, Abbott-Smith mistakenly numbers this as 3.Anarthrous (Bl, §46, 8; ICC on Rom.2:12, 13), νόμος, (a) of law in general: Rom.2:12, 14b 3:20, 21 4:15, al.; (b) of the Mosaic law in its quality as law: Rom.2:14a 5:20 10:4, Gal.2:19, al.; οἱ ἐκ ν., Rom.4:14; ὑπὸ νόμον, 1Co.9:20, Gal.4:5; ν. πράσσειν (πληροῦν), Rom.2:25 13:8. 5. Of Christian teaching: ν. πίστεως, Rom.3:27; τ. Χριστοῦ, Gal.6:2. 6. By meton., of the books which contain the law; (a) of the Pentateuch: Mat.12:5, Jhn.1:45, al.; ὁ ν. καὶ οἱ προφῆται, Mat.5:17, Luk.16:16, al.; ὁ ν. καὶ προφῆται κ. ψαλμοί, Luk.24:44. (b) of the OT Scriptures in general (as Heb. תּוֹרָה): Jhn.10:34 12:34 15:25, 1Co.14:21, al. (AS)

153 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →

GREEK · G5485

χάρις

charis — grace

χάρις, -ιτος, ἡ Abbott-Smith does not include the article here., accusative, χάριν (χάριτα in Act.24:27, Ju 4; see WH, App., 157), [in LXX chiefly for חֵן ;] 1. objectively, that which causes favourable regard, gracefulness, grace, loveliness of form, graciousness of speech (cl.; Ecc.10:12, Sir.21:16, al.): Col.4:6; λόγοι τ. χάριτος (genitive qual.), Luk.4:22. 2. Subjectively, (a) on the part of the giver, grace, graciousness, kindness, goodwill, favour: Luk.2:52, Act.7:10, al.; esp. in NT of the divine favour, grace, with emphasis on its freeness and universality: Luk.1:30, Act.14:26, Rom.1:7, 1Co.1:3, al.; opposite to ὀφείλημα, Rom.4:4, 16; to ἔργα, Rom.11:6; (b) on the part of the receiver, a sense of favour received, thanks, gratitude: Rom.6:17 7:25, al.; χ. ἔχειν, to be thankful, Luk.17:9, 1Ti.1:12, al. 3. Objectively, of the effect of grace, (a) a state of grace: Rom.5:2, 2Ti.2:1, 1Pe.5:12, 2Pe.3:18; (b) a proof or gift of grace (cl., a favour): Jhn.1:16, Act.6:8, Rom.1:5, 1Co.3:10, 2Co.9:8, Gal.2:9, Eph.3:2, 1Pe.5:5, 10 al. (For fuller treatment of the NT usage, see AR, Eph., 221ff.; DB, ii, 254ff.; DCG, i, 686ff.; Cremer, see word). (AS)

147 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →

HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H6884

צָרַף

tsa.raph — to refine

1) to smelt, refine, test 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to smelt, refine 1a2) to test 1a3) to test (and prove true) 1a4) smelter, refiner, goldsmith (participle) 1b) (Niphal) to be refined 1c) (Piel) to be a refiner 1c1) refiner (participle)

29 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →

HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H5816

עֻזִּיאֵל

uz.zi.el — Uzziel

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Exo.6.18; son of: Kohath (H6955); brother of: Amram (H6019), Izhar (H3324) and Hebron (H2275B); father of: Mishael (H4332), Elizaphan (H0469), Sithri (H5644), Micah (H4318J) and Isshiah (H3449I) Also named: oz.zi.e.li (עׇזִּיאֵלִי "Uzzielite" H5817) § Uzziel = "my strength is God" 1) the 4th son of Kohath and grandson of Levi, uncle of Moses and Aaron 2) a Simeonite captain, son of Ishi, in the days of king Hezekiah of Judah 3) descendant of Bela, head of a family in the tribe of Benjamin 4) a musician of the sons of Heman in the time of David 5) a Levite of the sons of Jeduthun in the days of king Hezekiah of Judah 6) son of Harhaiah, probably a priest and a goldsmith, who took part in repairing the wall under Nehemiah

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H7014

קַ֫יִן

qa.yin — Kain

§ Kenite = "smiths" n pr gent the tribe from which the father-in-law of Moses was a member and which lived in the area between southern Palestine and the mountains of Sinai

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HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H4441

מַלְכִּיָּהוּ

mal.kiy.yah — Malchijah

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.6.40; son of: Jeatherai (H2979); father of: Baaseiah (H1202) § Malchijah or Malchiah or Melchiah = "my king is Jehovah" 1) the father of Pashur in the time of Jeremiah 2) the son of Hammelech into whose dungeon Jeremiah was cast 3) the head of the 5th course of priests in the time of David 4) one of the priests who was at the reading of the law by Ezra, sealed the covenant with Nehemiah, and was at the dedication of the wall with Nehemiah 5) a Levite ancestor of Asaph and descendant of Levi through Gershon 6) son of Parosh who put away a foreign wife in the time of Ezra 7) son of Harim who put away a foreign wife and helped repair the wall and the Tower of Ovens in the time of Ezra and Nehemiah 8) son of Rechab, leader of the district of Beth Haccerem, who helped repair the Refuse Gate in the time of Nehemiah 9) a goldsmith who helped repair the wall in the time of Nehemiah

15 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →

HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H7017

קֵינִי

qe.ni — Kenite

Ancestors of Heber (H2268H) or Hobab (H2246), first mentioned at Gen.15.19 Also named: qa.yin (קַ֫יִן "Kenite" H7014) § Kenite = "smiths" the tribe from which the father-in-law of Moses was a member and which lived in the area between southern Palestine and the mountains of Sinai

10 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →

HEBREW / ARAMAIC · H4525

מַסְגֵּר

mas.ger — locksmith

1) a shutting up, locksmith, smith, dungeon, enclosure, builder of bulwarks 1a) locksmith, smith 1b) dungeon

7 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →

GREEK · G223

Ἀλέξανδρος

Alexandros — Alexander

Ἀλέξανδρος, -ου, ὁ, Alexander 1. Son of Simon of Cyrene: Mrk.15:21 2. A kinsman of the High Priest: Act.4:6. 3. A certain Jew: Act.19:33. 4. A coppersmith: 1Ti.1:20. 5. Perh. = 4 (see Ellic. on I Ti, l.with): 2Ti.4:14. † (AS)

5 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →

GREEK · G1216

Δημήτριος

Dēmētrios — Demetrius

Δημήτριος, -ου, ὁ Demetrius; 1. a silversmith, Act.19:24 38. 2. A Christian disciple, III Jn 12.† (AS)

3 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →

GREEK · G101

ἀδυνατέω

adunateō — be impossible

ἀδυνατέω, -ῶ (ἀδύνατος), [in LXX: Deu.17:8, Zec.8:6 (פּלא ni.), Job.42:2 (בּצר ni.), al. ;] 1. Abbott-Smith omits this number to be unable (cl., Philo; π., see MM, VGT, see word). 2. In LXX and NT (Kennedy, Sources, 124; Hatch, Essays, 4; Field, Notes, 46 f.), to be impossible: Mat.17:20, Luk.1:37. † (AS)

2 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →

GREEK · G146

αἰσχροκερδής

aischrokerdēs — greedy

αἰσχροκερδής, -ες (αἰσχρός, κέρδος), greedy of base gains: 1Ti.3:3,8 Abbot-Smith omits 1Ti.3:3, Tit.1:7.† (AS)

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GREEK · G1503

εἴκω

eikō — to resemble

εἴκω (obsolete pres.), see: ἔοικα Transcriber note: This form does not occur in Abbott-Smith. It should be on p. 158.. (AS)

2 tagged verse occurrences · see every occurrence →

GREEK · G5471

χαλκεύς

chalkeus — coppersmith

χαλκεύς, -έως, ὁ (χαλκός), [in LXX for חָרָשׁ, etc. ;] a worker, in metal, esp. a copper-smith: 2Ti.4:14.† (AS)

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GREEK · G695

ἀργυροκόπος

argurokopos — silversmith

ἀργυροκόπος, -ου, ὁ (ἄργυρος, κόπτω, to beat) [in LXX: Jdg.17:4, Jer.6:29 (צָרַף) * ;] a silversmith: Act.19:24 (Plut.; 77., see MM, see word).† (AS)

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GREEK · G8104

κροτέω

kroteō — to clap

1. to make to rattle , of horses, ὄχεα κροτέοντες rattling them along , (Iliad by Homer) 2. to knock, strike, smite , (Herdotus Historicus); κροτεῖν τὰς χεῖρας or τὼ χεῖρε to clap the hands, (Herdotus Historicus): absolute to clap, applaud , (Xenophon Historicus), etc. 3. of a smith, to hammer or weld together , (Plato Philosophus):—;Pass. to be wrought by the hammer ; metaphorically, ἐξ ἀπάτας κεκροταμένος one mass of trickery, (Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus) 4. intransitive to make a rattling noise , (Aristotle Philosopher) (ML)

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GREEK · G9412

τεκταίνομαι

tektainomai — to contrive

1. of a carpenter, to make, work, frame , (Iliad by Homer):—;absolute to do joiners' work , opposite to smiths' work, (Aristophanes Comicus) 2. of other artificers, (Homeric Hymns) 3. metaphorically to devise, plan, contrive , especially by craft, Lat. machinari, ἐτεκτήναντ᾽ ἀπόφθεγκτόν μ᾽ they kept me from speech of them, (Euripides); πᾶν ἐπ᾽ ἐμοὶ τεκταινέσθω (sc. Cleon) (Aristophanes Comicus) 4. later, Act. τεκταίνω, in same sense, [variant datesAnthology Palantina, (Lucian); hence participle passive τεκταινόμενος, (Aristophanes Comicus) (ML)

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GREEK · G9413

τεκτονικός

tektonikos — a woodworker

practised or skilled in building , (Plato Philosophus): as Substantive a good carpenter or builder , opposite to a smith, (Xenophon Historicus): —; ἡ -κή (i.e. τέχνη); joiners' work, carpentry , (Plato Philosophus), etc. (ML)

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GREEK · G9694

χαλκεῖον

chalkeion — a brass cauldron

1. a smith's shop, forge, smithy , (Herdotus Historicus) 2. = χαλκίον, a copper, caldron , (Herdotus Historicus) 3. a metal reflector in a lamp, (Xenophon Historicus) (ML)

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Historical dictionary entry

The Hebrews were not permitted by the Philistines in the days of Samuel to have a smith amongst them, lest they should make them swords and spears (1 Sam. 13:19). Thus the Philistines sought to make their conquest permanent (comp. 2 Kings 24:16).

Scripture references

Source: Easton’s Bible Dictionary (1897). Historical dictionary wording reflects the scholarship and language of its era.

Compare other reference traditions

Look up Smith in Smith’s Bible Dictionary and ISBE →