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Supper

Original Hebrew / Aramaic / Greek connected to this term

How to read this: there is rarely one magic “true meaning” hidden behind an English word. A lexicon records a word’s semantic range. The intended meaning is narrowed by grammar, sentence, author, historical usage and context.

GREEK · G3957

πάσχα

pascha — Passover lamb

πάσχα, τό indecl. (Aram. טַּסְחָא), [in LXX for פֶּסַח ;] 1. the festival of the Passover: Mat.26:2, Mrk.14:1, Luk.22:1, Jhn.2:13, 23 6:4 11:55 12:1 18:39 19:14, Act.12:4, Heb.11:28; .ἡ ἐορτὴ τοῦ π., Luk.2:41, Jhn.13:1. 2. By meton., (a) the paschal supper: ἑτοιμάζειν τὸ π., Mat.26:19, Mrk.14:16, Luk.22:8, 13; ποιεῖν τό π., Mat.26:18; (b) the pasohal lamb: θύειν τό π. (Exo.12:21), Mrk.14:12, Luk.22:7; of Christ, 1Co.5:7; φαγεῖν τὸ π. (lamb or supper), Mat.26:17, Mrk.14:12, 14, Luk.22:11, 15, Jhn.18:28 (cf. 2Ch.30:17).† (AS)

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GREEK · G1173

δεῖπνον

deipnon — dinner

δεῖπνον, -ου, τό [in LXX chiefly for פַּת־בַּג (Da) ;] the chief meal of the day, dinner, supper: Mat.23:6, Mrk.12:39, Luk.14:17, 24 20:46, Jhn.13:2, 4 21:20, 1Co.11:21; δ. ποιεῖν, Mrk.6:21, Luk.14:12, 16, Jhn.12:2; κυριακὸν (which see) δ., 1Co.11:20; metaphorically (Dalman, Words, 118), δ. τ. γάμου τ. ἀρνίου, Rev.19:9; δ. τ. μέγα τ. Θεοῦ, Rev.19:17.† (AS)

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GREEK · G8862

πονέω

poneō — to suffer pain

1. in early Greek only as Dep. 2. absolute to work hard, do work, suffer toil , (Homer); περὶ δόρπα πονέοντο were busied about their supper, (Iliad by Homer); so, πεπόνητο καθ᾽ ἵππους was busy with the horses, of a charioteer, (Iliad by Homer) 3. metaphorically to be in distress, to distress oneself , (Iliad by Homer):—; to suffer, be sick , (Thucydides) 4. with accusative to work hard at, to make or do with pains or care , (Homer) 5. after (Homer), the active form prevails 6. intransitive to toil, labour , (Theognis Elegiacus), attic; μάτην π. to labour in vain, (Sophocles Tragicus); with accusative, τὰ μηδὲν ὠφελοῦντα μὴ πόνει do not labour at things that profit not, (Aeschulus Tragicus) 7. with accusative cognate, π. πόνον, μόχθους to go through, suffer them, [variant datesTragica Adespota; also with accusative partis, πονεῖν τὰ σκέλη (Aristophanes Comicus) 8. absolute to labour, be hard-pressed, suffer , (Thucydides): to be worn out, spoilt , (Demosthenes Orator) 9. Pass., impersonal, οὐκ ἄλλως αὐτοῖς πεπόνηται = πεπονήκασι, (Plato Philosophus) 10. transitive, 11. with accusative pers. to afflict, distress , (Pindar):—;Pass. to be worn out, to suffer greatly , (Sophocles Tragicus) 12. Pass., also, to be trained or educated , (Aristotle Philosopher) 13. with accusative rei, like ἐκπονεῖν, to gain by toil or labour , χρήματα (Xenophon Historicus): Pass. to be won or achieved by toil , (Pindar) (ML)

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Historical dictionary entry

The principal meal of the day among the Jews. It was partaken of in the early part of the evening (Mark 6:21; John 12:2; 1 Cor. 11:21). (See LORD’S SUPPER.)

Scripture references

Source: Easton’s Bible Dictionary (1897). Historical dictionary wording reflects the scholarship and language of its era.

Compare other reference traditions

Look up Supper in Smith’s Bible Dictionary and ISBE →