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BIBLE QUESTION DOSSIER

Does Genesis require six 24-hour creation days?

Short answer

Genesis 1 uses the Hebrew word yom (“day”), a word that can denote an ordinary day but also has a broader range in Hebrew. The repeated “evening and morning” pattern is significant. Christians agree that God is Creator but disagree over whether Genesis intends a modern chronological account of six consecutive 24-hour creation periods.

This dossier separates the lexical question “what can yom mean?” from literary, theological and scientific questions about what Genesis 1 is doing as a whole.

1. What do the English translations actually say?

The five translations below are stored locally on Born Again Daily, so you can see the wording before anyone tells you what to think about it.

Genesis 1:1-5

The opening creation account and the first “day.”

KJV

1 In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. 2 And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness [was] upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. 3 And God said, Let there be light: and there was light. 4 And God saw the light, that [it was] good: and God divided the light from the darkness. 5 And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day.

BSB

1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2 Now the earth was formless and void, and darkness was over the surface of the deep. And the Spirit of God was hovering over the surface of the waters. 3 And God said, “Let there be light,” and there was light. 4 And God saw that the light was good, and He separated the light from the darkness. 5 God called the light “day,” and the darkness He called “night.” And there was evening, and there was morning—the first day.

WEB

1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2 Now the earth was formless and empty. Darkness was on the surface of the deep. God’s Spirit was hovering over the surface of the waters. 3 God said, “Let there be light,” and there was light. 4 God saw the light, and saw that it was good. God divided the light from the darkness. 5 God called the light “day,” and the darkness he called “night.” There was evening and there was morning, one day.

ASV

1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2 And the earth was waste and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep: and the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. 3 And God said, Let there be light: and there was light. 4 And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness. 5 And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And there was evening and there was morning, one day.

YLT

1 In the beginning of God’s preparing the heavens and the earth— 2 the earth hath existed waste and void, and darkness is on the face of the deep, and the Spirit of God fluttering on the face of the waters, 3 and God saith, ‘Let light be;’ and light is. 4 And God seeth the light that it is good, and God separateth between the light and the darkness, 5 and God calleth to the light ‘Day,’ and to the darkness He hath called ‘Night;’ and there is an evening, and there is a morning—day one.

Genesis 2:4

Yom appears in a broader expression often rendered “when/in the day that” God made heaven and earth.

KJV

These [are] the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that the LORD God made the earth and the heavens,

BSB

This is the account of the heavens and the earth when they were created, in the day that the LORD God made them.

WEB

This is the history of the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that Yahweh God made the earth and the heavens.

ASV

These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that Jehovah God made earth and heaven.

YLT

These are births of the heavens and of the earth in their being prepared, in the day of Jehovah God’s making earth and heavens;

Exodus 20:8-11

The Sabbath command patterns Israel’s week on God’s creation work.

KJV

8 Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. 9 Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work: 10 But the seventh day [is] the sabbath of the LORD thy God: [in it] thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that [is] within thy gates: 11 For [in] six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them [is], and rested the seventh day: wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it.

BSB

8 Remember the Sabbath day by keeping it holy. 9 Six days you shall labor and do all your work, 10 but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the LORD your God, on which you must not do any work—neither you, nor your son or daughter, nor your manservant or maidservant or livestock, nor the foreigner within your gates. 11 For in six days the LORD made the heavens and the earth and the sea and all that is in them, but on the seventh day He rested. Therefore the LORD blessed the Sabbath day and set it apart as holy.

WEB

8 “Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. 9 You shall labor six days, and do all your work, 10 but the seventh day is a Sabbath to Yahweh your God. You shall not do any work in it, you, nor your son, nor your daughter, your male servant, nor your female servant, nor your livestock, nor your stranger who is within your gates; 11 for in six days Yahweh made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day; therefore Yahweh blessed the Sabbath day, and made it holy.

ASV

8 Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. 9 Six days shalt thou labor, and do all thy work; 10 but the seventh day is a sabbath unto Jehovah thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates: 11 for in six days Jehovah made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore Jehovah blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it.

YLT

8 ‘Remember the Sabbath-day to sanctify it; 9 six days thou dost labour, and hast done all thy work, 10 and the seventh day is a Sabbath to Jehovah thy God; thou dost not do any work, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, thy man-servant, and thy handmaid, and thy cattle, and thy sojourner who is within thy gates,— 11 for six days hath Jehovah made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and resteth in the seventh day; therefore hath Jehovah blessed the Sabbath-day, and doth sanctify it.

2. What do the Hebrew and Greek words say?

Important: a lexicon gives a word’s possible senses and usage; it does not magically choose the correct sense without context. “The true meaning” of a biblical word is the meaning it carries in its actual sentence and historical usage.

בָּרָא (bara)

To create; Genesis 1:1 uses this verb with God as subject.

H1254 • בָּרָאba.ra — to create

1) to create, shape, form 1a) (Qal) to shape, fashion, create (always with God as subject) 1a1) of heaven and earth 1a2) of individual man 1a3) of new conditions and circumstances 1a4) of transformations 1b) (Niphal) to be created 1b1) of heaven and earth 1b2) of birth 1b3) of something new 1b4) of miracles 1c) (Piel) 1c1) to cut down 1c2) to cut out

יוֹם (yom)

Day/time/period. Its semantic range alone does not decide the literary structure of Genesis 1.

H3117 • יוֹםyom — day

: day/when/time/period 1) day, time, year 1a) day (as opposed to night) 1b) day (24 hour period) 1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1 1b2) as a division of time 1b2a) a working day, a day's journey 1c) days, lifetime (pl.) 1d) time, period (general) 1e) year 1f) temporal references 1f1) today 1f2) yesterday 1f3) tomorrow

3. Where interpretation begins

Young-earth / calendar-day reading

Understands the six days as ordinary consecutive days and typically places creation within a recent chronology.

Old-earth readings

Day-age, analogical-day and framework interpretations understand the creation week in ways compatible with an old earth while affirming divine creation.

Evolutionary creation

Some Christians see evolutionary processes as providential means used by God and read Genesis primarily for theological claims about Creator, creation and humanity rather than modern scientific mechanism.

4. A careful conclusion

The Hebrew word yom can mean an ordinary day and can also be used more broadly; a lexicon cannot settle the entire Genesis debate. The decisive questions are literary context, biblical theology and how Genesis relates to scientific descriptions of natural history.

Further study

Compare historical commentaries on Genesis 1:1-5 →

Search the Early Church Fathers for this subject →