II. COUINTIIIANS 5, 14. 135

sficrifico. Died for (ill. Tlio words jircj v-n^^ TravTow. '^Plio pro))()!sili()n v7rc/>, iiiMy lirivo the gtiiuM-jiI Ho.uHi\/or the IjcncjU of\ in, heli(tlf <>/\ or tlu; stricter sense, in the pliiee oJ\ .'is in v. 20 of'tliis (;}»:ij)t(!r. ]*liilem. 113. Ki)]i. 0, 20. In many places the choice between these senses depends on the context. h\ all those ])assatrc's in which one person is said to die for an- other, as Jtoin. 5, G. 7. 8. 14,15. iThess. 5, 10. Heb. 2, 9. Comp. Luke 22, 19. 1 Tim. 2, fl. Titus 2, 14. cfec, t^c, or in wliich the reference is to a sacrifice, the idea of substitution is clearly expressed. The arjijument does not rest on the force of the ])rej)osition, but on the nature of tlu; (;ase. The only way in which the death of tlu; victim benefited the offci-er, was by substitution. When, tiierc^fore, (Jhrist is said to die as a sacrifice fur us, tlu^ m(!aiiint( is, he dicid in our stead. His death is takcin in th(! j)lM('e of ours so as to save us from death. Tliat tlu; preposition vttc/), in this and similar ])assai^es, does mean instead oj\ is a<lmitted by the great ])o<ly of even Uji- tionalistic conunentators. See ])e Wette, Jliickert, tfec. Christ, it is said, <li<'d for «//, i. e. for all the subjcM'ts of re- demption. This limitation is not an arbitrary one, but aris(!S of necessity out of the nature of the (;ase, and is admitted almost universally. He did not die for all (creatures; nor for all rational creatures; iu)r for all ajjostate rational creatures. The all is of n(fc(!ssity limited by wdiat the Scrii)tures teach of the design of his death. If his death was nujrely didactic, intended to reveal and confirm some truth, then he may be paid to have died for all benefited by that revelation, and therefore for angels as well as www. If designed to make it consistent with the interests of (iod's moral government for him to ])ardon the sins of men, then lie may be said to have died e([ually for all men. J5ut if his death was intendcMl to save his ]>eople, then it had a reference to them whi(;h it had not to others. The true design of tlu; death of Christ is to bo learned from express assertions of Scripture, and irom its effects. It is so obvious that the; death ofCiiiist was designed to save those for whom it was offered, that many of the r(;c(!nt as well as anci(!nt coimnentators justify their explaining wc/; -n-dvT(j)v ;is meaning all men, by attributing to Paul th(; beli(!f that all men are to be saved. This is an admission that the all for whom he died, are the all who are saved by his death. One of its effects is stated in the following (;laus(! ; 77t.c/t 'mere all dead., or, Then all died. The word is uTrcVJai/oi/. It is the same verb, and in the same tense. ' If one died, (a7r€^9a^'CI/,)