ytjook, as God put a sanction on the law and covenant of works made with all of us in Adam, that he and his should be liable to death, both of body and soul, which covenant being broken by sin, all sinners be- came obnoxious to the death both of body and soul, so it was necessary that the redeemed should be delivered from the death of both by the Kedeemer's tasting of death in both kinds, as much as should be suffi- cient for their Redemption. 0 sirs, as sin infected the whole man, soul and body, and the curse following on sin left no part nor power of the man's soul free ; so justice required that the Kedeemer, coming in the room of the persons redeemed, should feel the force of the cm'se both in body and soul. But,
(5.) Fiftlily, 'He shall see of the travail of his soid,' Isa. liii. 11. Here the soul is taken properly, and the travail of Christ's soul is his sufferings ; for it follows, ' and he shall bear their iniquities.' But,
(6.) Sixthly, Christ gave himself for his people's sins: '^Vho gave
^ Ambrose dc Incarnat., cap. 7. * Ambrose, lib. iv. in Luc.
OF THE SUFFERINGS OF CHRIST IN HIS SOUL. 97
himself for our sins,' Tit, ii. 14 ; ' Who gave himself for us, that he might redeem us from all iniquities,' &c., Eph. v. 25; 1 Tim. ii. 6. But the body only is not himself ; ergo, the apostle saith, Phil. ii. 7, Christus eKevwae, exmanivit, Christ did empty or evacuate himself ; or, as Tertullian expounds it,^ exhausit; he drew out himself, or was exhaust, which agrees with the prophecy of Daniel, chap. ix. 26, * Messias shall have nothing, being brought to nothing by his death, without life, strength, esteem, honour,' &c. Hence we conclude that if Christ were exhaust upon the cross, if nothing was left him, that he suffered in body and soul, that there was no part within or without free from the cross, but all was emptied and poured out for our redemption.
Again, we read that Christ, ' through the eternal Spiritj offered him- self to God,' Heb. ix. 14. Whatsoever was in Christ did either offer or was offered; his eternal Spirit only did offer; ergo, his whole human nature, both body and soul, was offered. Thus Origen witnesseth in these words. Vide quomodo verus pontifex Jesus Christus^ adsumpto hatillo carnis humance, &C.2 — See how our true priest, Jesus Christ, taking the censer of his human flesh, putting to the fire of the altar — that is, his magnificent soul, wherewith he was born in the flesh — and adding incense — that is, an immaculate spirit — stood in the midst be- tween the living and the dead. Thus you see that he makes Christ's soul a part in the sacrifice.
(7.) Seventhly and lastly, Christ's love unto man, in suffering for him, was in the highest degree and greatest measure that could be; as the Lord saith, ' What could I have done any more for my vineyard that I have not done unto it ? ' But if Christ had given his body only, and not his soul for us, he had not done for us all he could, and so his love should have been greatly impaired and diminished ; ergo, he gave his soul also, together with his body, to be the full price of our redemption. And certainly the travail and labour of Christ's soul was most acceptable unto God : ' Therefore I will give him a portion with the great, because he hath poured out his soul unto death,' &c., ' and bare the sins of many/ Isa. liii. 12. Doubtless the sufferings of Christ in his soul, together with his body, doth most fully and amply commend and set forth God's great love to poor sinners. Before I close up this particular, take a few testimonies of the fathers, which do witness with us for the sufferings of Christ, both in soul and body.
Christ hath taken off3 us that which he should offer as proper for us, to redeem us ; and whatsoever Christ took off 3 us, he offered ; ergo, he offered body and soul, for he took both.*
Another upon these words, 'My soul is heavy,' saith, 'Animapas- sionibus obnoxia, divinitas libera,' His soul was subject to passions, his divinity was free, &c,^ If nothing were free but his divine nature, then his soul was subject to the proper and immediate passions thereof.
Ferspicmcm est, sicut corpus Jlagellatum,ita animam vere doluisse, &C.6 — It is evident that as his body was whipped, so his soul was verily
^ Tertullian, Contra Marcian., lib. v. ' Origen, Horn. 9 in Levit.
* Qu. ' of ?— Ed. *■ Ambrose de Incarnat., c. 6.
" Concil. Hispalens., ii. c. 13. ^ Jerome in 53d cap. Isaiah.
98 OF THE SUFFERINGS OF CHRIST IN HIS SOUL.
and truly grieved, lest some part of Christ's suffering should be true, some part false ; ergo, Christ's soul as properly and truly suffered as his body. The soul had her proper grief, as the body had whipping ; the whipping, then, of the body was not the proper grief of the soul. Whole Christ gave himself, and whole Christ offered himself ; ergo, he offered his soul, not only to suffer by way of compassion with his body, as it may be answered, but he offered it as a sacrifice, and suffered all passions whatsoever incident to the soul. The same author ex- pounds himself further thus: 'Because this God took whole man, therefore he shewed in truth in himself the passions of whole man ; and having a reasonable soul, what infirmities soever of the soul with- out sin he took and bare.^ If Christ, then, did take and bear all the passions of the soul without sin, then the proper and immediate grief and anguish thereof, and not the compassion only with the body. To these let me add the consent of the Keformed churches : 2 * Christ did suffer both in body and soul, and was made like unto us in all things, sin only excepted.'
Thomas [Aquinas] granteth that Christ, secundum genus, passus est omnem passionem humanam, in general, suffered all human suf- ferings, as in his soul heaviness, fear, &c.^
Now the testimonies of the fathers, and the consent of the Eeformed churches, affirming the same, that Christ was crucified in his soul,
and that he gave his soul a price of redemption for our souls
Who can then doubt of this, but that Christ verily, properly, imme- diately suffered in his soul, in all the proper passions thereof, as he endured pains and torments in his flesh ; and if you please, this may go for an eighth argument to prove that Christ suffered in his soul.
2. Secondly, That the sufferings of Christ in his soul were verp high, and great, and wonderful, both as to the punishment of loss, and as to the punishment of sense; all which I shall make evident in these four particulars :