2. The kinds of it. Now worship is of two kinds — civil and religious. Keligious worship is a special duty due to God, and com- manded in the first table. Civil honour and worship is commanded in the second table. They are expressed by ' godliness and right- eousness,' 1 Tim. vi. 11 ; and 'godliness and honesty,' 1 Tim. ii. 2.
[1.] For religious worship. There is a twofold religious worsliip. One when we are right for the object, and do only worship the true God ; this is required in the first commandment. The other when we are right for the means, when we worship the true God by such means as he hath a})pointed, not by an image, idol, or outward repre • sentation. Opposite to this there is an evil idolatrous sinful worship,
Mat. IV. 10.] Christ's temptation. 217
when that which is due to the Creator is given to any creature ; which is primary or secondary. Primary, when the image or idol is accounted God, or worsliipped as such, as the sottish lieathens do. Or secondary, when the images themselves are not worshipped as having any godhead properly in themselves, but as they relate to, represent, or are made use of, in the Avorship of him who is accounted God. We shall find this done by the wiser lieathens, worshipping their images, not as gods themselves, but as intending to worship their gods in these and by these. So also among some who would be called Christians. Thus the representing the true God by images is condemned, Deut. iv. 15-17, ' Take ye good heed unto yourselves, for ye saw no manner of similitude on the day that the Lord spake unto you in Horeb, out of the midst of the fire, lest ye corrupt yourselves, and make you a graven image, the similitude of any figure, the likeness of male or female.' Again, sinful worship is twofold : more gross of idols, representing false gods, called worshipping of devils ; or more subtle, when worship is given to saints or holy men : Acts x. 25, 26, ' As Peter was coming in, Cornelius met him, and fell down at his feet, and worshipped him. But Peter took him up, saying. Stand up ; I myself also am a man.' Acts xiv. 14, 15, ' Paul and Barnabas, when they heard this, rent their clothes, and ran in among the people, cry- ing out and saying. Sirs, why do you these things ? we also are men of like passions with you,' &c. Or to angels : Eev. xxii. 8, ' When John fell at the angel's feet to worship him, he said, See thou do it not ; for I am thy fellow-servant, and of thy brethren the prophets.'
[2.] Civil worship is when we give men and angels due reverence, and —
(1.) With respect to their stations and relations, whatever their qualifications be, as to magistrates, ministers, parents, great men ; we are to reverence and honour them according to their degree and quality : according to the fifth commandment, ' Honour thy father and thy mother ;' 1 Thes. v. 13, and to ' esteem them very highly in love for their work's sake.' Or,
(2.) A reverential worshipping or esteeming them for their qualifi- cations of wisdom and holiness : Acts ii. 47, Good men had ' favour with all the people.' Such respect living saints get, such angels may have when they appear : Gen. xviii. 2, Abraham ' bowed himself to- wards the ground :' and Gen. xix. 1, Lot ' rose up to meet them, and bowed himself with his face towards the ground.'
Now, whether the worsliip be civil or religious may be gathered by the circumstances thereof; as if the act, end, or other circumstances be religious, the action or worship itself must be so also. It is one thing to bow the knee in salutation, another thing to bow in prayer before an image.
II. That worship is due to God. These two notions live and die together — that God is, and that he ought to be worshipped. It appear- eth by our Saviour's reasoning, John iv. 24, * God is a spirit, and they that worship him must worsliip him in spirit and in truth/ He giveth directions about the manner of worship, but supposeth it that he will be worshipped. When God had proclaimed his name and manifested himself to Moses, Exod. xxxiv. 8, ' Moses made haste, and bowed himself and worshipped.' It is the crime charged upon the Gentiles,
318 Christ's temptation. [Ser. VI.
that when they knew God, they glorified him not as God, ' Eom. i. 21. They knew a divine power, but did not give him a worship, at least competent to his natm-e. God pleadeth his right : Mai. i. 6, ' If I be a father, where is mine honour ? If I be a master, where is my fear?' And God, who is the common parent and absolute master of all, must have both a worship and honour, in which reverence and fear is mixed with love and joy ; so that if God be, worship is certainly due to hun. They that have no worship are as if they had no God. The psalmist proveth atheism by that: Ps. xiv. 1, ' The fool hath said in his heart. There is no God ;' and ver. 4, ' They call not upon God.' The acknowledgment of a king doth imply subjection to his laws ; so doth the acknowledgment of his God imply a necessity of worshipping him.