The revelation of this covenant is in the Scripture ; not that it was then constituted when it is first mentioned in the promises and pro- phecies of Christ, but [it was] then first declared or revealed. Christ was declared to be the Son of God by the resurrection from the dead, but he was so from eternity. As in other places, as shall be evinced, so in Isa. liii. is this covenant mentioned : in which chapter there is this prophetical scheme, — The covenant between Father and Son, which was past, is spoken of as to come; and the sufferings of Christ, which were to come, are spoken of as past ; as appears to every one that but reads the chapter. It is also signally ascribed to Christ's coming into the world; not constitutively, but declaratively. It is the great- est folly about such things as these, to suppose them then done when revealed, though revealed in expressions of doing them. These things being premised, I proceed to manifest how this covenant is in the Scripture declared.
Now, this convention or agTcement, as elsewhere, so it is most clearly expressed Heb. x. 7, from Ps. xl. 7, 8, " Lo, I come to do thy will, O God." And what will? Verse 10, "The will by which we are sanc- tified, through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all." The will of God was that Jesus should be offered ; and to this end, that we might be sanctified and saved. It is called " The offering of the body of Jesus Christ," in answer to what was said before, " A body hast thou prepared me," or a human nature, by a synecdoche. " My will," says God the Father. " is, that thou have a body, and that that body be offered up; and 'that to this end, that the children, the elect, might be sanctified." Says the Son to this, " Lo, I come to do thy will ;" — " I accept of the condition, and give up myself to the performance of thy will."
To make this more distinctly evident, the nature of such a com- pact, agreement, or convention, as depends on personal service, such as this, may be a little considered.
There are five things required to the complete establishing and accomplishing of such a compact or agreement : —
1. That there be sundry persons, two at least, namely, a promiser and undertaker, agreeing vohintarily together in counsel and design for the accomplishment and bringing about some common end accept- able to them both ; so agreeing together.^ Being both to do some- what that they are not otherwise obliged to do, there must be some common end agreed on by them wherein they are delighted; and if they do not both voluntarily agree to what is on each hand incum-
* " Nee dari quicquam necesse est, ut substantiam capiat obligatio ; sed sufficit eos qui negotia gerunt consentire."_Tnstitut. lib. iii. de Oblig. ex Consensu.
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bent to do, it is no covenant or compact, but an imposition of one upon the other.
2. That the 'person promising, who is the principal engager in the covenant, do require something at the hand of the other, to be done or undergone, wherein he is concerned. He is to prescribe something to him, which is the condition whereon the accomplish- ment of the end aimed at is to depend.
3. That he make to hiniAvho doth undertake such promises as are necessary for his siqyportment and encouragement, and which may fully balance, in his judgment and esteem, all that is required of him or presci'ibed to him.
4. That upon the weighing and consideration of the condition and promise, the duty and reward prescribed and engaged for, as for- merly mentioned, the undertaker do voluntarily address himself to the one, and expect the accomplishment of the other.
5. That, the accomplishment of the condition being pleaded by the undertaker and approved by the promiser^ the common end originally designed be brought about and established.
These five things are required to the entering into and complete accomplishment of such a covenant, convention, or agreement as is built on personal performances; and they are all eminently expressed in the Scripture, and to be found in the compact between the Father and the Son whereof we speak, as upon the consideration of the severals will appear.
On the account of these things, found at least virtually and effec- tually in this agreement of the Father and Son, we call it a cove- nant ; not with respect to the Latin word " foedus," and the precise use of it, but to the Hebrew ^"""l?, and the Greek bia&^xri, whose sig- nification and use alone are to be attended to in the business of any covenant of God; and in what a large sense they are used is known to all that understand them and have made inquiry into their im- port. The rise of the word " fcedus" is properly paganish and super- stitious; and the legal use of it strict to a mutual engagement upon valuable considerations. The form of its entrance, by the sacrifice and killing of a hog, is related in Poly bins, Livius, Virgil, and others. The general words used in it were, " Ita foede me percutiat magnus Jupiter, ut foede hunc porcum macto, si pactum foederis non serva- vero;"^ whence is that phrase of one in danger, " Sto inter sacrum