This meaning of ' fellow * may be illustrated by the foil, pam- gmph from T. Adams, // Peter (.Sherman's ed. p. 42) :— ' As fellows, in due measure, with God himself : "Tnily ovir fellow- ship is with the Father, and with his Son Jesus Christ," 1 Jn 18. We may have a society with man, this is requi-site, for we are all of one mould ; but to God, what, all fellows? Ves, we have a fellowship with God ; such is his mercy, not our merits. The proud gallant scorns the poor mechanic : What, are you my fellow ? Yet, in(n-s scepira liijonibus txqitat. Death takes away difference between kmg and beggar, tumbles both the knight and the pawn into one bag. Well, let the world despise us, it is enough the Lord doth not disdain our fellowsliip.' Again (on p. 43) Adams says, 'Thus we partake of the Divine nature (with all reverence be it spoken) as fellows. But, not to deny the King his supremacy, we are fellows with Christ in his joy, reserving the throne to himself.' Of. also Ac 423 Wye. (13.S8),' ' thei camen to her /elowis. and telden to hem, hou grete thingis the princis of preestis and the eldre men hadden seid to hem': He lif^s Wye. (1388), 'ye weren moad felowis of men lyuynge so.* Shaks. Tempest, ni. i. 84 —
• To be your fellow You may deny me ; but I'll be your servant.'
2. Person, first without and then with con- tempt ; for the word has a history. Melvill (Dianj, VCoA. p. 78), can say of John Dury, ' He was a verie guid fallow, and tuk delyt, as his speciall comfort, to haifl' his table and houss filled with the best men,' and thereby express reverence for him. But Adams (II Peter, p. 43) says, 'There is a generation of men that lavish their estates, — as we say, lling the house out at the windows, — that call themselves good fellows,' where the meaning is still ' companion,' but the glory is departing. The «ord was used to express easy familiarity, then by a superior in condescension to an inferior, and finally as the utterance of contempt. In Gn 39' Tindale h,as, ' And the LoRUE was with loseph, and he was a luckie fellowe,' where 'fellow' is simply ' man ' ; nor is contempt expressed in Mk 4'" ' what felowe is this ? For booth winde and see obey liim ' ( = Lk 8^) ; and even in Mk '2' ' how doetli this felowe so blaspheme ?' (oiJtos), or Jn 6" ' How can this felowe geve us his flesshe to eate ? ' (oCto!) the sense is probably no more than ' this man,' or at least than we snould express by ' this person.'
The Heb. words so translated in AV are (a) a-x 'ish, 1 S 29^ ' Make this fellow return ' (RV ' the man'); in plu. 'fellows,' Jg 18^ (r? J 'ic cvjt!, lit. 'men, bitter of soul,' as RVm ; Moore, 'men of acrid temper '). RV adds Jg *• (A V ' persons ') 1 1» (A V ' men '). In these places neither the Heb. nor probably the Eng. means more than 'person.' And even when ' this fellow' is the tr" of (h) ni zch, 'this' (1 S 21'"'<» 25", 1 K22=' = 2Ch IS'^, 2 K 9" ; to which RV adds 1 S 29^), there is at least less contemi>t expressed than the words now carry The Greek words correspond to the Hebrew, (a) aviip, 1 Mac 10°' 'certain pestilent fellows' (iSi-Spft Xoi/ioi) ; Ac 17° ' took unto them certain lewd fellows' (Tii'dt ivSpas iropijpov!). (b) oBroj, Sir 13",
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IMac 4», Mt 12« 26«i-'", Lk 22»9 23=, Jn 9» Ac 18". RV prefers 'man' except in Sir, where ' fellow ' is simply omitted, (c) 6 toioGtos, Ac 22--.
Perhaps the strongest expression of contemj)t is given when 'fellow' is added to an adj. The examples are {a) O'pi rSkim, 2 8 6'" ' vain fellows ' ; (b) ToX/jLTjpds, Sir 8" ' bold fellow ' ; and (c) Xoi/iiir, Ac 24° ' pestilent fellow ' (cf. ivSpa Xoi/io!, 'pestilent fellows,' 1 Mac 10" above).
The Amer. RV prefers ' base fellow ' to AV ' son (man) of Belial,' and ' inwe fellows ' to sons (men, children) of Belial.' See Belial.
In composition ' fellow ' always means partner or companion. The foil, compounds occur in AV : (1) Fellowcitizen (jwtoXItt,^), Eph 2'», RV adds He 8", reading 6 TroMrrit with edd. for o w\t]jIop of TK which gave AV 'neighbour.' (2) Fellowdisciple (o-w/iaSTjT^s), Jn 11'*. (3) Fellowheir {trvt/KX-npovofidi), Eph 3*. (4) Fellowhelper (a-wepyS^, see ' fellow- worker '), 2 Co 8=3, 3 Jn s. (5) Fellowlabourer {avyfpydi, see ' fellow-worker), Ph 4', 1 Th 3-, Philera '• ". (6) Fellowprisoner (trwaixMdXwros), Ro 16', Col 4i«, Philem ». (7) Fellowservant ((rw5oi;\os), Mt 18-»- 29- 31- sa 24«, Col 1' 4' ( = ' fellow-worker ' in Col), Rev 6" 19'" 22». (8) Fellowsoldier (TR avirrpa- Titlirrj^, edd. avvaT.), Ph 2=°, Philem =. (9) Fellow worker (so 161 1 , amepybs). Col 4". RV adds ' fellow- worker,' Ro \&-'' (AV 'helper'), 1 Co 3" 'we are God's fellow-workers ' ( A V ' labourers together with God'), 2 Co S^ (AV 'fellowhelper'), Ph 22» (A V ' companion in labour ') 4=, Philem '• " (AV 'fellowlabourer'), 3 Jn»(AV 'fellowl)elper '). (10) Workfellow (awepyt,;), Ro 16-'. (11) Yokefellow (TR fft'fi/yos, edd. aOvivyati), Ph 4'. To those RV adds (12) Fellow -elder ((rvinrpea^irrepos, T. WH, <rw7rp.), 1 P 5' (AV 'also an elder'). (13) Fellow- member of the body (TR, auaffujfjios, edd. avvaiopios), Eph 3" (AV 'of the same body'). (14) Fellow- partaker {ffvii/jLh-oxos, T. WH, <rwn.), Eph 3" (AV 'partaker').