S. Its ethical or doctrinal sense. Besides the morally indifferent applications of flesh already dis- cussed, there is in the NT, and esp. in the Pauline writings, a use of it which is charged with ethical or doctrinal content. It is thus used once in contrast with ' mind ' (Ro 7''), more frequently with 'spirit' (Ro 8*- »• »■ ' kv s. e. la. u Gal 5'«-^ 6"). In the same manner the adjectives ' fleshly,' ' carnal ' are contrasted with ' spiritual ' in Ro 7'*, 1 Co y-'*, 2 Co 1'^ Col 2'8 'fleshly mind,' orig. 'mind of the flesh.'* That in tre connexions cited above flesh with its adjective has reference to the principle of sin and its seat in man's fallen nature, while 'spirit' and 'spiritual' refer to the principle of the regenerate or divine life in man,
* There occurs in the same writing a quite unethical use of 'camaras equi%'alent to ' corporeal ' or 'earthlv,' «.^. Ro 1527, 1 Co 911, 2 Co S3 104, He 716 ; for the complications both of read- ing and rendering in these passa^-es, created by the use of rafituxof or ffti.pxnoi. Bee Trench, N.T. S\jfumyms, s.v.
FLESH-nOOK
FLOCK
15
^vill hardly be questioned. But various have been the accounts given of the rationale of this meta- phorical or indirect use of flesh and 'fleshly' in a theological or doctrinal sense. Writers like Hol- 8ten, Plleiderer, Schenkel make strenuous eflbrts, witliout much success, to derive this peculiarly Pauline application of the term from the older sense of it as denoting the weakne.ss and frailty of man's nature. The only account which seems to satisfy all the ideas involved is that the ' carnal ' denotes the sinful element in man's nature, be- cause that element entering his nature now in the ordinary course of human production is an inherit- ance of the flesh ; whereas the ' spiritual ' is that wliich comes into it from above, or is given in the New Birth. This explanation is conhrmed by our Lord's words, reported in Jn 3'. For some further remarks on this question and on the possible con- nexion of all the meanings of flesh here noted, see PsycuoLooy. J. Laidlaw.
FLESH-HOOK.— See Food.
FLESHLY, FLESHY.-Modem editions of AV have retained the distinction between 'fleshly 'and 'fleshy' of 1611. Fleshly is that which belongs to the flesh and not the spirit, carnal. It occurs in NT 2 Co 1'2, 1 P 2" (<ropKI^•6s), Col 9>» ' fleshly mind ' (povi TTjs ffapicAs, ' mind of the flesh '). In Ad. Est 14'" the meaning is apparently simply mortal {adpKim). Fleshy is that which is made of flesh (and not of stone), soft, tender. Sir 17", 2 Co 3' {aapKivos). The distinction did not appear in the earlier versions : ^Vj'c. Tind. Gen. Bish. have ' fleshly ' in 2 Co 3^ Gov. has ' fleshy.' Nor was it observed by Eng. writers of the day : T. Wright (1G04), Passions, V. iv. 212, says, 'Fleshy concupis- cence deserveth rather the name of Mercenarie Lust then Love,' and Culpepper and Cole, Anat. I. xvii. 45, ' Such as are given to fleshy desires have larger Kidneys than ordinary.' But once made it is well worth maintaining.
J. Hastings.
FLESH-POT.— See Food.
FLIES.— See Fly and Plaoub.
FLINT (in OT ci'P^n, a.Kp6TO/j.ot, arepea irirpa ; -i'l, dKpdro/.'.QS, TT^Tpa, \prj(pos ; is, (mpea. iriTpa ; in Apocr. aKpoTOfxoi, Ko'x^al) is the term by which the fore- going Heb. words are rendered, in AV generally, and in RV uniformly. The reference in every case is to a rock or stone whose characteristic quality is hardness or sharpness. The Gr. equiva- lents have a general rather than a definite mean- ing, cLKplrrofiot being elsewhere (Sir 40>° 48") tr"* ' hard (RV sheer) rock,' while in Is 2^' 51' (Trepca iriTpa stands in LXX for us (rock) ; though, on the other hand, in Job 22** tvi is represented in Vulg. by silex. On the whole, flint is the substance which best fulfils the conditions stated, and in the passages where small stones rather than masses of rock are referred to it is probably the true rendering.
r'oVn corresponds to Assyr. elmifu (ZDMQ xl. 728), which ■eems to mean any hard stone nsed for striking fire, even rock crystal or diamond. According to Ilommel {PSBA, xv. 291), ehn^ht is abbreviated from algami^L (Heb. c*'55jX Kzk IS"- '3 8822). toth beinj; variants of gilpami^h or gibiliamUh, which is ft synonym of Gx&dubar, an ancient Bab. Are deity.
Flint is the name given to the rock from which Moses brought water in the wilderness (Dt 8", Ps 114", Wis II*). Flints were the jirimitive instruments of circumcision (Ex 4" KV, .los 5-- ' RV). In the latter pa.s.sage LXX expands ni:-;n D'lj' into fiaxaipa^ irerpivas iK irirpai dKpor6fj.ov. The LXX additions to Joshua relate how these knives of flint were preserved as a memorial in
Timnath-serah, and were buried with Joshua there (2i«u 2430.), In 1 yi^^ ,q73 the absence of flints in a plain Is given as a reason why cavalry should not be encountered there, as slingers would thus he at a disadvantage. The word used is (r6xXaf , and it is found in a similar connexion in the LXX of 1 S H'-*, which, however, does not correspond with the MT (Wellhausen, Text cler BB. Sam. 87, 88 ; Driver, Heb. Text of Sam. 82, 83). In the Song of Moses 'oil from the rocky flint' (Dt 32"") is a poetical way of describing olives growing on rocky soil (see Job 29"). In Job 28", to illustrate man's