' I have heard of cunning footmen that have worn Shoes made of lead, some tea days 'fore a race. To give them nimble and more active feet.'
J. Hastings.
FOOTSTOOL.— Although this word occurs re- peatedly In the Bible, it is remarkable that only t\vice at most is it used in its literal sense. In Ol" it appears in 2 Ch 9'« as tr" of was (fr. 1733 ' tread under foot'), the golden footstool of Solomon's throne, but here Kittel (see his note in Haupt's OT) would read bjj ' lamb.' The one clear refer- ence to a literal footstool is in Ja 2* ' sit imder my footstool ' {{nvoirbSi.tiv fiou). Everywhere else, both in OT (1 Ch 282, Is 66', La 2', Ps 99' 110' 132', in all of which it is tr" of chi-i Dig, the word 013 bein" poet, or late) and NT (Mt 5", Mk 123«, Lk 20«, Ac 2^ 7■'^ He 1'^ 10'», all iTroTrdSiov tuv iroSuv, tr^ by RV with strict accuracy ' footstool of my [thv, his] feet' instead of AV 'my [tliy, his] footstool'),* it is used metaphorically. Originally '}T Diri, spoken of God, seems to have designated the ark, 1 Ch 28^, but was naturally extended to include the wliole of the temple. La 2' (see notes of Thenius and Lolir), Ps 99» 132' (cf. Is 60", Ezk 43'). In Ps 110' tlie vanquished foes of the Messianic King are put as a footstool under His feet. In Is 66' earth is the footstool of Him whose throne is heaven.
J. A. Selbie.
FOR. — Both as prep, and as conj. ' for' has some archaic or obscure uses that deserve attention.
1. When the meaning is on account of, as Gn 20' ' Behold thou art but a dead man, for the woman which thou hast taken' (7)1, RV 'because of). The RV has changed ' for ' into ' because of ' in Ezk 6" (Heb. Sx) ; Gn 20', Est 9», Hos 9" (Heb. •jy) ; Lv 16", La 4", Dn 5'" (Heb p) ; 2 S 13» (Heb. ni3i;3); 2K 16'8, Jer 9' 38" (Heb. •«!;); Jer 11" (Heb. S^p) : and into 'by reason of' in Lv I7"t (Heb. ?); Dt 28", Is 3P, Ezk 27", Hos 8">, Zee 2< (Heb. p). In NT diri, iv, Ivexa, iirl with dat. and 5id with ace. are all used in this sense, and tr'' 'for.' When the Gr. is Sii, with ace, RV changes ' for ' into ' because of ' in Jn 4^, Ro 3=° 13», 1 Co 7', Col 1', He 2^, Rev 4" ; and into ' by reason of ' in 1 Co 7^, 2 Co 9'\ He 5'-. For this meaning cf. Chaucer, Romaunt, A 1564 —
* Abouten it is gras springing, For moiste so thikke and wel lykinf, That it ne may in winter dve, No more than may the see "be drj-e.'
Sometimes the meaning approaches that of against, as 2 K 16'" ' the king's entry without, turned he from the house of the Lord for the kin^; of Assyria' ("j??, RV 'because of); so Ps 27" Wye. ' dresse thou me in thi path for myn euemycs ' ; and Is 32- Cov. ' He shalbe unto men, as a defence for the wynde, and as a refuge for the tempcste.'
2. For moans instead of, or in exchange fur, as in Dn 8" ' the groat horn was broken ; and for it came up four notable ones' (nrri, RV 'instead of it') ; Is 61' ' For your shame ye shall have double ; and for confusion they shall rejoice in their portion ' (ne,?) ; so Nu 8'" (nnei, RV ' instead of ') ;
• In Mt a** for A V ' till I make thine enemies thy footstool • RV gives ' till 1 put thine enemies under thy feet ' (W «, 6i nut iy^Ofio!.! w*u iwtKcirat {TR uwtvtim] rw* rtiH* r»v\
i On the translation ftod meaning of this important paangv see especially Koliach, in toe.
<6
FOR
FORBEAR, FORBEARANCE
Gn 47" (?. RV ' in exchange for') ; Pr 21" (^ RV 'in the Bteiul of); Nu 18" (l^n, RV 'in return for'). Cf. Philem " Wye. ' now not as a servaunt, but for a servaunt a most dere brother.'
3. For ia occasionally equivalent to as : Is 43' •I gave E},'VI't for thy ransom' (Ticj, RV 'as thy ransom'); Mt 21*" ' tliey took him for aproiiliet' (lis) : 1 P 2" ' not usintj your liberty for a cloUe of mnliciouxsness' (ils). Cf. Merlin (E.K.T.S.), iii. 642, 'Thei clayme Bretaijjne for thiers, and I clayme Rome for myne' ; Defoe, Hob. Crusnn (Gold Trea.s. ed. p. 522), ' I was never pursued for a Thief before.'
4. For, as a conj., is used to introduce the cause or reason. Sometimes modem usa<;e would prefer 'because 'or 'seein'j tliat.'asin V^yi-Wi, Select Wurlcs, iiL 105, ' And for God made alle thinges to hoi]) of mankynde, therfore we sholdo axe thes thynges of God'; and p. 110, 'And ones they reprovede Crist, for his disciples we.sche nouglit here hondes wlianne they sholde eete, as here cu.storae was'; and Tindale's tr" of 1 Jn 3'- in Expositions, 191, 'And wherefore slew he him ? For liis deeds were evil, and his brother's righteous' (in edd. of NT 1526 and 1.').34 'because'). So in some places of AV, as Jn 11" 'What do we? for this man doeth many miracles.' In the foil, passages RV changes ' for '^ into ' because ' : Nu 21'27" 32'-, Dt 14', 1 S 9-^ Job 1.5^ 32'«, Jer 20" 51", Ezk 36'", On 9'», Mt23's, Lk l'»4*'6"21=«, Ac 22", Eph 5», Ph 1», 1 P 4'S 1 Jn 3», Rev 12'- : to whicli Amer. RV adds Jer 3", 1 Jn 3™. Some of those changes, however, are due to a clinnge in the construction of the sentence, especially E/k 36". There is, indeed, no glaringly obsolete example of ' for ' in tliis sense in A V, such as we find so often in Shaks. Cf. Tempest, I. ii. 272—