Henceforth G. almost disajipears from the page of history, till in A.D. 634 it was captured by the generals of the first calif, Abu Bekr. During the crusades it was garrisoned by the Knights Templars, but finally fell into the hands of Saladin after the disastrous battle of Hattin (A.D. 1170). Since then it has remained a Mohammedan city. (For a full account of Gaza and its history see G. A. Smith, HGHL 181 fi'., and cf. Gautier, Souvenirs de Terre-Sainte, 11611'.; Clermont-Ganneau, Arch. Researches in Pal. (1896), p. 279 ff.). E. HULL.
GAZARA (rofd/ja, Tafapa, Ta^ripi, Fdin^pa).— An important stronghold often mentioned during the Maccaba^an struggle, 1 Mac 4" 7" 9*^ 13=^ (in this last all MSS have Vi^av, Gaza, but the context and the parallel passage in Jos. Ant. XIII. vi. 7 show- that the correct reading is Ta^apav, see RV'm) 13*^ 147. 34 1528 Kji^ 2 Mac W^. In Ant. xil. vii. 4, XI v. v. 4, Wars, I. \'iii. 5, it is called Gadarn. There seems to be no doubt that it is the OT tlKZKit (which see). See further, Schiirer, IIJP I. L 2(il f., 372, and G. A. Smith, HGHL 215 ff.
J. A. Seldik.
GAZELLE (-zt zibhi, SopKit).—A.X reiiilers zCbhi in the iioetical books, and in 2 S 2'» 1 Ch I'i* by roe. RV {jives the same rendering, but adds in the marg. m all but three jilaces (2 S 2'", Ca 3' 7') gazelle. In the lists of annuals used as food AV renders zfbhi by roebuck, while KV renders it in consistently with itself in the other pa.s.sages, gazelle. 'fhe latter is undoubtedly the correct rendering for all, instead of roc and roebuck. The Arabic word zabi, the exact counterpart of zHilii, is one of the names of the gazelle in that tongue ;
* Rawlinson, Anr. Hon. vol. ii. 144.
t .^rriim, ii. 20, where an account of the siei^ is given. During ite |)rt>press Alexander received a wound in the shoulder.
\ The Ilessy is cri>s8e<l by the road at a distance of 12 miles from Oaza, the Ilalib at 5 miles. Either of these 9pots flts in with the narrative. The niins of el-Mineh on the seacosst mark the site of a town and episcopal see of the 6tb Mnt. called * Constantla' or ' Limena OaXB.
116
GAZERA
GEBA
the other is gfuiz&l, from which our word gazelle is derived. It was expressly permitted as food (Dt 12"' 14" 15"). It was daily served on Solomon's table (1 K 4^). Asahel and the Gadites were as fleet as zibhts (2 S 2'e, 1 Ch 12»). The zlbhi was much hunted (Pr 6', Is 13"). It is frequently alluded to in Ca (2'- '■ " 3" 4» 7» 8"). The fern, form .•!;;>■ zCbhiijyAh became (by law of interchange) Aram, tabillia, which was translated Jop/cds = gazdle (cf. Ac ^).
The gazelle, Gazella Dorcta, L., is one of the most beautiful of the antelopes. It is abundant throughout the country, but especially in the remoter mountain districts and in the deserts. It is often met with in herds, which sometimes number as many as a hundred. The general colour is fawn, with white and dark stripes dowTi the face, and a white mark on the hind quarters. A local variety, called the ariel gazelle, Gazella Arabica, Ehr., is found in Gilead. It is of a darker fawn colour than the type.
Gazelles are hunted by Ijfing in wait for them at the springs, or by chasing them with greyhounds and falcons. They are very fleet, however, and often 'deliver themselves uom the hand of the hunter' (Pr 6°). They are often taken in large numbers by dri\'ing them into an enclosure, with a pitfall at either side. As many as fifty may thus be taken at one time. When taken young the gazelle is easily tamed, and becomes very afl'ectionate. G. E. Po.ST.
GAZERA (A Tafvpi, B Kofijprf), 1 Es 5".— His sons were among the ' temple servants.' In Ezr 2^* Gazzam.
GAZEZ (113, Wellh., de gent, et fain. Jud. 26, would write it;). — 1. A son of Epliah, Caleb's con- cubine, 1 Ch 2^. 2. In same verse a second G. is mentioned as a son of Haram, who was another of Ephah's sons. Smith's DB'^ incorrectly states tluat this second G. is omitted in B. The latter M.S reads both times FffoDe ; Luc. has in second instance Tafdf.
GAZINGSTOCK.— Men are no longer punished by being exposed to public gaze, whether in the stocks or otherwise, and ' gazing-stock ' has gone out of use. It is one of several compounds of ' stock ' which have become obsolete. We find ' mocking stock ' in 2 Mac 7' ; and Tindale uses ' gestyngestocke ' in Dt 28" for EV 'byword.' The only compound still in use is ' laughing-stock.'
Gazingstock (1611 'gazing stocke') occurs Nah 3' ' I . . . will set thee as a gazingstock ' ; Heb. 'N^i? [in pause], lit. 'as a sight' (from .int 'to look upon') ; the word is found also in Gn 16'' ('ni W, AV 'Thou God seest me,' RV 'Thou art a 'God that seeth,' RVm 'God of seeing' — which is prob- ably nearest the mark, r6t being a subst. here) ; in 1 S 16" of David (EV 'goodly to look to') ; and in Job 33-' ('xi?, of the wasting away of Job's flesh, EV 'that it cannot be seen'). For the thought of Nah 3« Davidson refers to Ezk '28"- '8, Mt i'", 1 Co 4" ; to which may be added the other example of ' gazingstock,' He 10^ (cf. also Moab. Stone, 1. 12, ' a g. to Chemosh and to Moab '). Here the ptep. 6eaTpij;iti.ei>oi is tr*" in A V ' whilst ye were made a gazingstock,' in RV 'being made a g.,' a tr. which comes from the Bishops' Bible ; Wye. and Rliem. having 'spectacle,' after Vulg. spectacid um facli. This is the only occurrence of the Gr. verb, but BidTpav ylvofiai is found in 1 Co 4', already referred to, in a precisely similar meaning, E\' 'We are made a spectacle unto the world,' which is Wyclif's and the Kliem. tr., again after Vulg. spectaculum facti. Tindale's word here is 'gas- yngestocke,' and he is followed by the other ver-