LrrnKATCKH. — For the structure of GiMicsis, tlio F.nplish stiulent is now well eciuipped witll tlu- rcreni literiUure on tho .sulijeet: Driver. LOT; .\<i(iis. Docmiifntt of the Ilixatfiu-lt : Frip[i, ' 'om intfiitiou of the Book of Gen fxiH ; C. .1. liiill. * Honk of Geiie-sis.' ,SBf)T; nutl Spurrell, Kotes on the Text of deneifiH. The fullest eoniplete coniinentaries are those Ity Diilrnnnn and Delitzseli (hoth now translated into Enplisli ; Kdinliurtrli : '1', .t T. C'lark). Tlie foreit,'n liooks which should tie eonsiilled are those on the struetnre \>y Ilolzinfrer {FinleitiiitiD, Kaiit/srh- Socin.'Wellhausen (/>/*■ t'om/tonitiou den Iiexiiteitehn. lss'.>), ( hi Genesis and the Monuineiits: .Snyce, HCM; Sehr.ider. f'OT; and the writings of Gecu-iie Smith, Maspero. Pinches. Ilau])I, and others. On the Theolofry of Genesis: the OT Tlieoloyt/ of Sehuitz, Oehler, Kiehiii.
The reader may also consult Miss AVedjiwood. Meftnnge of Jsntel ; Watson, The Jlook Genesis : Ottlev, .Anjteetttoft/te Old Tent. ; Westcott, Fail/t of the Goajiet ; Ki le, Kurlii Xnrrativea of Genesis. II. E. RYLK.
GENN^US, AV GENNEUS (Tfi.raros, r^wcos A, 2 Mac 12-). — The father of Apollonius, who was the Syrian commander (crrpaTJiyis) of a district in Pal. under Antiochus v. Eupator.
GENNESARET, LAKE OF (Lk 5' ; in 1 Mac 11"
GF.\.N'1'..-^A1:KT11). — See G.iLlLFE, Sl'..\ OF.
GENNESARET, LAND OF (^ 7? Wwr^aapiT, Mt 1331, cf. Mk 0=3) deserves special attention, (1) because of its connexion with our Lord, (2) because of the estimation in which it was held by the inhabitants of the country, and (3) because of the account which Josephus has given of its wonderful fertility and loveliness. The pLace re- ferred to was on the W. side of the Sea of Galilee and towards its N. end. Directly opposite to it on the E. side of the lake there is a ctn-respond- ing plain which, however, lacks the characteri.stics that have made the one on the W. side widely famous. The mir.aculous feeding of tlie five thou- sand took place on the E. plain (Mt 14''--', cf. the other Gospels), immediately after which Clirist sent His di.sciples by ship 'to the other side.' According to Mk they were directed to go to- wards Beth.s.aida (0-"'); according to Jn they went, without instructions, 'towards (^apernaum ' (<i'"); but the storm — .at th.at se.oson the strong current of the Jordan would have carried them in spite of themselves out of their course to the S. — v'<m-
GENTILES
GENTILES, COURT OF
149
pelled them to anchor 'in the land of G.' Beth- Eaida, Capernaum, and the land of G. are, in our judgment, mentioned in their natural order. The very next act of our Lord mentioned was at Capernaum, leading us to suppose that that place was nearer 'the land of G.' tlian Bethsaida.
This plain, which is one of the most charmin" S}>ots in Pal., is about one mile broad and two and a half miles long, having Khan Minyeh on the N. and Mejdel, the ancient Magdala, on the S. The famous pass of Wady IJamani leads up through the mountains on the W. towards the Jlediter- ranean. Josephus says, 'Such is the fertility of the soil that it rejects no plant, and accordingly all are here cultivated by the husbandman, for so genial is the air that it suits every variety. The walnut, which delights beyond other trees in a •\vintry climate, grows here luxuriantly, together with the palm, which is nourished by the heat, and near to these are figs and olives to which a milder atmosphere has been assigned.' Not only does Nature m her ambition here ' nourish fruits of opposite climes, but she maintains a continual supply of them. Thus she produces those most royal of all, the grape and the fig, during ten months without intermission, whUe the other varieties ripen the year round.' The ' fertilising spring which u-rigates the plain,' according to this author, was prob. the fountain at et-Tabigha, which was led in a rock-cut channel round the ledge at Khan Minyeh. 'Ain Mudawareh, which has been suggested as the fountain referred to, is quite out of the question ( Wars, ill. x. S).
The Rabbis were as enthusiastic in their praise of this 'garden of princes' as was Josephus. It was to them a veritable 'paradise.' Its fruits were prized for their wonderful sweetness, but they were not found at Jerus. at the feasts, and the reason given was that no one should be tompted to come to the fe.ists merely for the sake of enjoying those fruits (Bab. Talmud, Pesachim, 85 ; J< eubauer, Giog. du Talm. 45 f . ).
S. Merrill.
GENTILES is one equivalent of the Heb. goiim (D-\i), which is represented in EV also by such renderings as 'nations' and 'heathen.' Rv very frequently replaces AV ' Gentiles ' by ' nations.'
*ti (goi} has the Bame root meaning as Dl'Co"*. 'people'), which occurs roore than 150O times in OT. In their primary sense of a conn^cUd bftdy (cf. Dt ^'.i'-^ and Driver's note), goi and 'am are both applied even to troops or herds of animals (Jl 1«, Pr Sn25 26). So the plur. forms goiim and 'ammtm, hke the later l^injnim, have the general sense of nations or peoples. Ultimately, however, linguistic usage confined the application of the sing, 'rt'rt, with rare exceptions {e.g. Gn 26ii of the Philistines, Ex 9io of the Eg^'ptians), to the people of Isr., while the sing, goi was prevailingly, though not exclusively, applied to other natioiit (in Is 1^ Z<*ph 2^ goi and 'am are both used to designate Isr.). A similar distinction rules the use in LXX of Idtce and X«if, which correspond to *S3 and cv respectively. In NT we find (Lk 232) i-i iUyn opposed to to* Asm 9iou 'Wpetr.x, although iBfof is pretty frequentlv used of Isr., and that without »ny disparaging intention (.e.g. Lk 7" 23», Jn 11*8. "• K 183JS, Ac lOaa^S. 10.1T2612819).