II. I'm: (;.\N<iN'. — A special interest attaches to ('. in relation to certain books of N'T. Caius (Inc. rit.) makes the following statement concerning him : K-ZipiyBoi 6 5*' diroKa\v^f(Dv wi vTd dwo<TT6\ov liCfdXov ytypaiiu^ywy, TfpoToXoviat TiiuHtUS Si' dyy^\oie avTtfi Scitiy/iirat, \f'tvS6)jut>ot eireifdyei. ' C, the man who makes use of revelations puiiiorting to have been written by a great apostle, lyingly imi)oses upon us marvellous jirodigies which he ])rofe.sses to have been .shown him by angels.' Dionysius seems to have had this passage in his mind when he states that some ascribed the Apoc. to Cerinthus. It is doubtful, however, whether the wonls of Caius will licar this meaning. They may niean that Cerinthus used forged Ajiocalypses, or interpreted the Apocalypse in •ids own way, i>r po.ssibly tliat he
was the author of it ; and we have other grounds for believing that CaiiLs did not accept the book. The opinion that C. was the author of the Apoc. was also held by some heretics mentioned by I'hilaster (§ 00), and by those whom Epiphanius (//(«!■. li. 3, 4) calls Alogi. This opinion seems to have been one invented by those who disliked the Apoc. for the support it was supposed to give to Cliiliiustic opinions. Ace. to Epiphanius, these .same Alogi ascribed to Cerinthus the Gospel of St. John — a statement which is certainly absurd, and looks as if it were an exaggeration of the statement in rhila.ster, who says that they reject the Gospel but does not say that they a.scribe it to C. We are also told, if we are to believe Hippolytus I., that C. rejected the writings of St. Paul, the Acts of the Apostles, and all the Gospels except that according to St. Matthew, and that he accepted this only in a nmtilated form.
III. REL.VTioN TO ST. JiiiiN'.— As we have seen, the luo.st authentic accounts of C. make it (juito clear that his teaching was Docetic, and that he was a contemporary of St. John. If we examine the writings traditionally a.scribed to the latter, it be- comes perfectly clear that he had a false teaching before him of a Docetic character. These two traditions then corroborate one another. The one demands an environment which the other supplies ; nor does it .seem in the least probable that either was invented to account for the other.
It may be further suggested that the developed Docetism taught by Cerinthus implies a developed theory concerning Christ's divinity from which it was a deviation, and that his heretical teaching con- cerning the birth of Christ has all tiie ap|>earaiice of being tleveloped in opposition to a belief in the Virgin birth.
I.iTKKATrRE. — References to ancient authors are^ven thmupb- out tilt' art.; the most useful modern book Is prob. tbat of iltliren- felil, A'ftseri/eKc/iic/iU, |.|i. 411-l.'l; see iil>o llort, Jij<liii~lic Chrittthfintij, op. Hs-IiU ; Kenan, 7,r« ^^titin/iUn, p. 41Tlf. ; Westcott, Oil thif Canon, ch. iv. ^ 1, and most early Cbureh bistortes. The art. lii Smith's JJict. Chr. Biog. Is unerllical.
A. C. IIE.VDL.^M.
GO. — The verb to 'go' is found in the English versions of the Bible in many senses and con- structions that have now gone out of use. A carefid study of its occurrences will repay the labour it costs.
1. With all its freedom of usage there is a pre- cision in the movement expressed by 'go' which we have now lost. If a penson 'runs' or 'rides' we now can say that he 'goes'; but ruiiiiiiig and riding were formerly contrasted with going, which wa-s therefore used as we now .should use • walk.' Thus Chaucer, Kiiitjhtcs 7'<i/c, 1351.-
'That other wlier him list nmy ryde or go, Uul seen his latly shal be never-mo.'
Shaks. Lear, I. iv. 134 —
• Hide more than thou pt>est * ; and Tempest, III. ii. 63, 'As proper a man as ever went on four legs.' So Asoham, The Sehnlimnslir, l.'il, 'I purpose to teach a yong scholer to go, not to daunce.' The use is found as late as Watts, CoHie, Holy Spirit—
M »ni- souls can neither Ity nor go To n-aeh iinmorlal Jitys.'
In the earlier versions this meaning is often found. Thus Is 40" Wye. (1.388), ' But thei that h«pen in the I.onl, schulen chaungo .streiigthe. thei schulen take fetheris as eglis : thei schulen renne, and schulen not trauele ; thei schulen go, and schulen imt faile' (Cov. 'When they go. they shal not bo weery,' Gen. 'they shal walke anil not faint.' .so AV); Mk 6*' Tind., 'And streyght the inayilen arose, ami went on her fete' (so tieii. l.'i.'iT. but I.VM) -walked' as AV,Gr. wepifirdrci); llos IP Cov. • I lerned Ephralin to go.' The last example ba«
190
GO
GO
lieen retained by AV and RV, ' I taught Ephraira to go' (•P^i";r', lit., as Pusey, 'I set on his feet'). Other examples in AV are Pr 6^ 'Can one go iMion hot coals, and his feet not lie burned ?' (after ^^ y- ' go on uolis,' c".x :i^n;-DN, liV ' walk ') ; Is 50" ' t hoy have made them crooked paths; whosoever ^'oeth therein shall not know peace ' {after Cov. their wayes are so croked, tliat who so euer ^,'oeth therein, knoweth nothinge of peace,' Tn^n Vs ~~) ; Jer 10" ' they must needs be borne, because they cannot go' (Wye. 'for thei nioun not go,' :•:;•!;• fiV-?). See also Jos 1S^ Pr 4''' (>-- 9", Mic •2^ Mk 12» where RV has ' walk ' for AV ' go.'