spread an heavy night' {3ape7a) ; 2 Mao 5" ' Mene laus, \\ho worse than all the rest bare an heavy hand over the citizens ' (vnep-Qpn-o tois iroMrais, K V ' ex- alted himself against his fellow-citizens '). Cf. T. Lever, 5erm<»w( Arber, p. 64), 'And their landlords which shuld defend them, be most lieavye maisters unto them.' 2. Sorrowful, as 1 K 20" 'And the kin" of Israel went to his house heavy and disjileased ' (i5) ; 1 Es 8" ' And as soon as I liad heard these things, I rent my clothes, and the holy garment, and pulled oti' the hair from olf my head and board, and sat me down sad and very heavy' (auwoxn itai irtpiXwros, ItV 'sad and full of heaviness'); 2 Es 12"" 'Be of good comfort, O Israel; and be not heavy, thou liouse of.lacob' (noli tristari ; RV ' be not sorrowful ') ; Jlk 14^ ' And he taketh with him Peter and James and John, and began to be sore amazed, and to be very heavy' (d.ornj.oi'dv, RV ' sore troubled '). So Lk IS^ Tind. ' When he heard that, he was lievy ; for he was verv ryche ' ; Is 1' Gov. ' The whole heade is sick, an^ the herte is very he^-y ' ; Hall, Wor/ci, ii. 144 (on ' Jainis and his daughter'), ' What a con- fusion there is in worldly sorrow? The mother shreekes, the servants cry out ; the people make lamentation, the niinstrelles howle, and strike dole- fully ; so as the eare might question whether the ditty or the instrument were more heavie ' ; Era.s- nius. The Commune C'rede, Eng. tr., fol. 734, 'And that Christ sull'ered in soule also, even his owiie selfe doth witnesse, sayenge, My soule is hevy even unto the deathe.'
The adv. heavily means ' with difficulty ' in E.x 14^ ' And took off their chariot wheels that they drave them he.avily ' (nnjrj, lit. ' with hcavi- ness,' the only example of the Heb. word). Tlio meaning is rare in Eng. ; cf. JIt 13'° Kh.eui. ' For the hart of this people is waxed grosse, and with their eares they have heavily heard, and tlieir eius they have shut.' Heavily occurs also once in the sense of grievously, oppressively. Is 47° ' upon the ancient hast thou very heavily laid thj- yoke ' , and once as sorrowfully, Ps 35'^ ' I bowed down heavily, as one that mourneth for his mother' (K\' ' I bowed down mourning ' ; see Abbott, Original Texts, 1S91, p. 214).
Heaviness occurs often, but always «ith the meaning of grief. Thus Pr 10' ' A wise son muketh a glad father : but a foolish son is the heaviness of his mother ' ; 12^ ' Hea\'iness in the heart of man maketh it stoop : but a good word iiiaketh it glad ' ; Is 61' ' To appoint unto them that mourn in Zion, to give unto them beauty for ashes, the oU of joy for mourning, the garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness ' ; 1 Es 8" ' I sat still full of heaviness until the evening sacrifice ' (irepiXra-os) ; 2 Es 10" ' And now, seeing we all mourn and are sad, for we are all in heaviness, art thou grieved for one son?' ('quoniam onines tontristati sumus,' RV ' seeing we are all in sorrow ') ; Sir 22* ' She thatlivetli dishonestly is her father's heavine.ss ' (c/s Xi/TnjK yeyvriffaiiTos, RV ' the grief of him that beg.at her'); 38" 'of heaviness conieth death, and the heavine.ss of the heart breaketh strenrrth' (liuth XiVj;, RV both 'sorrow') ; Ro 9- and 2 Co 2' (both Xi'irj;, RV both ' sorrow ') ; 1 P 1' ' Ye are in heavi- ness ' {\vTrrj04vTes, RV ' Ye have been put to grief ') ; Ph 2™ ' For he longed after you all, and was full of heaviness' (d5i)/noi'iZ», RV ' was sore troubled'). In their Preface the AV translators say of the Scrip- tures, ' If we be ignorant, they will instruct us ; if out of the wa.\', tlioy w ill bring us home ; if out of order, tliey will reforme us ; if in heaviness, com- fort us ; if dull, cjuicken us ; if colde, inflame us.' The older versions have the word very often, as Jn 10" Wj'c. 'sorwe, or /leuynesse, hath fullillid youre lierte ' ; Ps SO* Cov. ' he\'ynesse maye well endure for a night, but joye comnieth in th«
HEBEK
HEBREW
325
momynge' (Cran. ' hevj-nesse maye endure for a night,' and so Pr. Bk.). Cf. Erasmus, The Cum- mune Crede, fol. 31i, ' Agayn of the defaulte and wante of fayth springctli suijerstition, sorcerie, idoUitry, and covetousness cosen to it, ambition, blusiiheiny, hevynes, desperation, pride, fear of dealli, desyre of vengeaunee, fjTially what so ever vices or synnes do raygne in the whole worlde.'
J. Hastings. HEBER (-en 'association' or 'spell,' from ■inn to • unite,' especially by spells : possibly connected with Habiri, Juurnal of Bibl. Lit. xi. 118, xii. CI). — 1. A man of Aslier and .son of Bcriah (Gn 46", Nu 2G*>, 1 Cli 7»'- "-). He founded what appears from the last passage to have been the principal clan in his tribe. The gentilic name Heberites occurs in Nu 26". 2. The Kcnite, according' to Jg 4" 5-^, husband of Jael. He separated himself (Jg 4") from his Bediwin caste of Kenites or nomad smiths, wliose wanderings were eontined chiefly to the south of Judali, and settled for a time near Kwiesh, on the plain to tlie west of the Sea of tjalilee (Conder, I'ent-Work, ii. 1.32; G. A. Smith, Hist. Geog. 369, note 1). According to the narrative of Jg, Sisera in Lij fli'dit after defeat by Barak was in\ited by Jael to take refuge in her husband's encampment, and was there killed by her in his sleep. But Jg S-'"' is shown by the metre to be probably a gloss from 4", which again apiiears to relate to a difi'erent locality from that of^ 4". On the whole it is not unlikely that two traditions are blended, and that in the original stories the unnamed wife of Heber dealt with Jabin in a similar way to that of Jael with Sisera. 3. A man of Judah, son (1 Ch 4'") of Mered by his Jewish, as distin'Tiished from his Egyp., wife. Bej-ond his genealog'v, nothing is recorded of him except that he was tlie ' father' or founder of Soco. 4. A Benjamite and member of the family of Elp.aal (1 Ch S"), which appears to have been of pure Heb. blood on both siiles, as contrasted with its kindred of partially Moabite descent (I Ch 8»- "). R. W. Moss.