(,'omparisons of one propliet with another are usually unjust to one of the two compared. Amos' minil is lilled with ^reat general ethical i)rinciples, valid eleriially and enforcing themselves univers- ally whetlier in he.aven or on earth ; Hosea start-s from areligious relation of .I"and people, hislnrically formcil, tlie mutual, mystical intimacies of which engro.ss his thoughts. It is less in ide.is than in apt terms to e^ipress them that the prophets ad- vance on one another. Am. .speaks of the good- ness of J", Ilos. first calls it ' love ' ; y\m. inculcates compassion, ' huniauiiy,' Hos. fir.st linds the right word for this ('^-i 41). On the other hanil. while ilos. laments the want of trust in J" revealed in the foreign alliances of Israel, it is Isaiah that first uses the positive word 'faith' (T"). And again, Ihougli Hos. expresses the idea of the ' new cove- nant' when he speaks of J" betrothing Isr. again to IliuLself (21"), it is Jer. that coins the right phrase.
V. IXTKr.lMTy AXn Tkxt. — lerome already de- scribed Hosea's style as cominntirits — consisting of short clauses. His fondness for asyndetons con- struction gives a monotonous, dirge-like music to his verses — 'tlie days of visitation are come; the days of recompense are come' (!•'); ' Kgypt shall gather them, .\Ioph .shall bury them" (!!'). He little aildressis the people ; rather, turning his face away from them, lie speaks of them to himself in shuddering disjointed monologue. A number of passages have been regarded by recent scholars as interpolations, particularly those referring to .ludah (see i. note*), and those describing the material blessings of Israel restored (2'"'"- 14 ; for list of passages athelized by various scholars see Driver, hOT<^ JiOti). Reference to .ludah in it.self need not e.xcite suspicion any more than Isjiiah's references to X. Israel. The abruptness of some of the references is strange (5"^), though the general unconnectedness of Ho.sea's style nnist be con- sidered. Ch. f'-a' is either a later amplilication of .something briefer, or it is wholly late ; it.s right i)lace .seems after 3^ Nowack goes to an extreme in his excision of pa.s.sages : '1''-' are supported by u'>- " ti'"' ; -jn by 12», and :i^' by 4' iV ; ami in inatiy other eiuses the rea.sons urged for excision ajipear inadeiinate.
I'he Tixt of Hosea has been inipprfcctly handed down. .V multitude of pa.ss.ages are corrupt, some incnrablv, e.n. 4'-'* (in v.'" read the last wonl alldm), o-'-Mi (ij), (!' 7« H>">' (I.XX 'and they slinll cease a little from anointing king and princes' — though the ironical 'a little' is unnatural), 8'«
(-3-13-1), OS 9'3 109 113 (-read :n,iN aud 'Pynt), 11« '• " and otiiers.
LiTKRATCKE.— ISesides works on the Minor Propbetfi as a wliole. suth a.s Ewald, Uitzig-StflncT, Ktil, Puscv, »on Orclli, etc., jmrticulor cum m. on Hosea ar.>: Pococli, Oxf. 1(;?5; Stui- scm. is.'it : Wunschc, I'-CS; Snwack. 1S*»0, and Kleine I'm- j,heteii (Itandkoiu.). 189J ; Scholz, 1^2; Chevne (lamb. BIblel. IsM. Cf. Valetun, Amoii m Ilontti, 1S!I4; G.A.Smllii, Thf Book (if the Twtire /'mpli. ( Ivxposltor's iilblf). I-)9ti ; Wi-lllmuscn. J>ii: A'/eilien Prn/ik.' (^khu-n v.) 1»!I3 ; also W. It. Snillli. I'miihttt, l.ect. iv. ; ISllkb, Die wichinikten tvitst d. .{lit. Kritik rom Sliiiidji. tier Piiiiih. Am. u. lion, nun lietiachttt. WM. On (lio 'I'cvt. Iluutsma, J'li T, 1ST.'), p. Ki if. ; Oorl. ih. IS'J". pp. iUi If. 4^t» rt'. ; ]\ac]im:im\, Alltent. CnUrmich. \<'M: Kiibt-n. Vritictit Jifmarkft oji Home paMKttffeM of (>T, ISItr, ; L(»t^man. Ki'itifk vu(ltrnhkniH(i u.f den Mattorelitikii lexten till /trof. J/oneoii hok, Is'.l4, and Kommentar till prof. Jloxfiix hok, I-'iiti.
A. B. Davihsox.
HOSEN is AV translation in l)n :j2i of rv* '■?,• which is probably better represented by KV 'tunics' (.'■iiegfried-Stade and Strack [the" latter doubtfully], liock; RV'ni luts 'turbans'). RV has ' hosen ' in the same verse and in v.-' .as tr" of f'TJ-? (AV both times 'coats' ; Siegfried-Stade, UiiterklcUlfr ; Strack says • an article of dre.ss, probably trunk-hose' {Phulerhosen)). See, further, art. DliEss in vol. i. p. 025''.
The Knp. word ' hoson ' ts the plu. of a Tent, word ' hose ' (of wlitcli tlie root Is unknown) denoting a covering for the leg. 'breeches.' 'trousers.' Hose is also used for the pUi., I>itt the sing, occurs in Shaks. ( Titmin(/ o/tlif .Shreir, v. i. tin. * A bilken diiiiblet I a velvet lio.se 1 a searjci cloak I ') and elsewhere. The ' doutilet ' for the bitdy, and the ' ln»se ' or ' hosen ' for the legs, were the ni'Cessary articles of male attire in Shakespeare's day ; the cloak tieing lieedful for full dress or for cold weather, "as Merri/ H'iren, in. 1. 47, ' In your tlotiblet and hose, this raw rheumatic day ! * The hosen generally covered the leet as well as the legs ; and whfln the coverings of legs am) feet were afterwards separated, they were called respectively ' upfter stocks,' and 'nether stocks' or 'stockings.' By ami by both
* hosen ' and ' stockings * were restricted 10 the covering of the feet. Covei-dale (from whom conies 'hosen ' in I>n ii^'l in tended to deiiutc till' long Eastern trousers. J. H.VSTINGS.
HOSHAIAH (^;-v;!:''^ ' .lah has saved ').—l. A man who led half the ))rinces of .ludah in the ]iroce.ssion at the dedication of the walls of .lerus., Neh ]•!■'■'. 2. The father of a certain .Jezaniah (.Jer 42'), or Azariab (43- and LXX). who was a man of importance among the .lews after the fall of Jerus. (LXX .Maorrofoe ).