IBPI (13V).— A Merarite Levite, 1 Ch 24". See Genealogy.
IBSAM (ni^r, AV Jibsam). — A descendant of Issnihar, 1 Ch V. See GENEALOGY.
IBZAN (i»?K, meaning doubtful, of. v?k a town in l.s.sachar, Jos 19'^, '.V/Jtcrirdi'), one of the Minor Judges, following Jephthnli, Jg l-i*-'". He came from Bethlehem, probably the Bethlehem in Z.'bulun (Jos 19"), 7 miles N.W. of Niuarcth. He hail 30 sons and 30 daugliters, an evidence of his social imj)ortance, and arranged their mar- riages. He juage<l Israel 7 years, and was buried at Bethlehem. Nothing is saiil of Ibzan's ex- ploits, and hia name does not occur elsewhere ;
but, on the analogy of other Minor Judges, Tola, Jair, and Elon, we may suppose that lie rejjre- sentsaclan, with numerous branches and alliances. See Moore, Judges, p. 271 n. According to Jewish tradition, Ibzan was the same a-s Boaz (Talni. B. Biiba Bathra, 91a and comment.; Bashi, Com- ment, on Jg 12"-). G. A. CoOKE.
ICHABOD (112; "k ; B oiVal ^apxa^tJO ; A oval Xa^iiC ; hliabod), son of Phinehas and grandson ot Eli. His mother died in giving him birth, overwhelmed by grief at the news of the sudden death of her husband and her father-in-law. The name is usually explained as 'inglorious' (from 'K, the ordinary negative in P^thiopic and I'hu;- nician [cf. Job 22*], and T32 'glory'), in accord- ance with the meaning suggested by 1 S 4-' (' The glory is departed from Israel' ; B omits). Possibly, Ithamar ("i"0'i<) and the Zidonian Jezebel C^Ji'x 1 IC 10" etc.) are words of the same formation, cf. Gray, Hcb. Prop. Xaines, p. 246 n. The rendering of the LXX points to a dillerent interpret.ation (•X being treated as='iK; in 1 S 14^ LXX has 'luxafi'!^)- J. F. STENNING.
ICONIUM {'1k6vioi>), an ancient city near the borders of Lycaonia and Phrj-gia, still retains its ancient name in the form Konia, and is at present the terminus of a railway that extends from the Bosphorus southwards. Its situation, amid lu.x- uriant orchards at the western ed''e of the vast plains of central Asia Minor, level and uncultivated, watered by a stream which issues from the hilly region on the west, and loses itself in the plain after making this part of it a garden, is strikingly like that of Danuuscus (though hardly ecjual to it in beauty) ; and this has made the city always a centre of life and the most important in the dis- trict. It is commonly described by the ancient writers as a city of Lycaonia, e.g. Cicero, Fam. XV. iv. 2 ; cf. lU. V. 4, vi. 6, XV. iii. 1 ; Att. v. XX. 2 ; Strabo, p. 56S ; Pliny, i\H v. '25 (95) ; Stephanus Byzant. s.v., and many others. It is not consistent with its Lycaonian character that Ac 14* represents Paul and Barnabas as llccing from Iconium into Lycaonia ; but the discrei)ancy is one of those unstudied touches which prove the originality and accuracy of the narrative. The author conceives that, in traversing the 18 miles separating Iconium from Lystra, the apostles crossed the frontier and entered Lycaonia. Now, Xenophon {Anab. l. ii. 19) describes Iconium as the ea.itemraost city of Phrj'gia ; and immediately on leaving it, he entered Lycaonia. The eviiience of other visitors or natives proves that the Iconians always considered themselves to l>e by race Phry- gians and not Lycaonians. Stephanus quotes a legend about a king .\nnakosof Iconium, on whose dciith followed the Delude, which destroyed the whole population ; and his subjects are called Phrygians in the legend. Pliny. .\7/ v. 41 (145), gives a list of famous Phrygian litiea, and among them is Conium : the list contains several which had disjippcared in Pliny's time, and is doubtless taken from some older Greek writer. In A.D. 103, at the trial of Justin .Martyr, one of hia a.s.sociiite» named Ilierax deHcriheil himself as a slave from Iconium of Phrygia. Firmilian, bishop of Cu'sarcift Capp., who attendol the council of Iconium, de.scril>es it as a city of Phrygia (Cyprian, Epiit. 75, 7). Iconium do<>s not on its coin boiutt itself as a member of the Kninon Lycaoniir, which
141
icoxiu^r
ICOXIUM
was formed soon after A.D. 137. Tliough claiming Phiygian stock, Iconium (liko most cities of Asia Minor) loved to connect itself with Greek legend, deriving its name from the image {fUiiy) of Medusa, brought there by Perseus (Eustath. ad Diontj.s: Per. S5G), or from the clay images of men made by Prometheus there after the Flood to replace the drowned people (Steph. Uyz. ).
Iconium, as a rule, shared the fate of Lycaonia (wh. see). Ruled by the Seleucid kings of Syria in the 3rd cent., it was assigned to the Peri'a- menian kings in B.C. 190, but was never actually maile part of their kingdom, and probably pas.sed soon after under tlie power of the Galatte, forming part of the Tetrarchy Proseileniniene, which wii.< transferred from Lycaonia to Galatia (Pliny, NJI 25 (95) ; Ptolemy, v. iv. 10), probably about 104 (Studia Biblica, iv. p. 46 ff. ; see Galatia, p. 87). Then, along with Galatia,* it probably passed to the Pontic kings not later than B.C. 129 ; but it was set free during the Mithridatic wars. Its lot is uncertain, until in n.C. 39 Antony gave it to Polemon along with Cilicia Tracheia.t In 30 Antony transferred it to Amyntas, who was at tlie same time made king of Galatia. At his death, in B.C. 25, it was incorporated in the Roman empire as part of the Province (ialatia. Under Claudius it was lionoured with the name Claudiconium (probably in coinjjensation for the bestowal of the name Claudioderbe on the frontier city Derbe). Under Hadrian it was constituted a Roman colony with the titleColonin Aelia HaiJriana honien^um.t It seems to have remained during the 2nd and 3rd cents, part of the Province Galatia (Ptol. v. 4. 12), § whereas Lycaonia was made part of the trijile Province Cilicia- Isauria-Ljcaonia, probably in 137. About 295 Diocletian constituted southern Galatia ■with parts of the surrounding country into a new Province Pisidia, of which the capital wasAntioch, and Iconium the second metropolis (/irri Tr/v iieyl(TTi)v i) -n-pilrrri, Basil, Epist. 8 (137 Mi.)), while ea-stern Lycaonia was perhaps stUl united with Isa\iria Pro- Wncia ; hence Ammianus describes Iconium as a city of Pisidia (xiv. 2). But about A.D. 372 it became the metropolis of anew Provincia Lycaonia, extendin" from the shores of Karalis and Trogitis (Bey-Shener and Seidi-Sheher Lakes) to the western end of Ak-Gol near Cybistra. This arrangement lasted till the end of the Byzantine Provincial system, and is found in all Notitiit Episcopal num.