' Injurioua duke, that threateat whore's no cause
and Pope, Iliad, iL 274 —
"Thus with inJuriouB taunta attacked the throne.
The adv. was used in the same sense, as Hall, Works, iii. 9G6, ' Humane reason is apt to be in- juriously saucy, in ascribing those things to an ordinarj' course of natural causes, which the God of nature doth by 8U])ernatural A''ents.' And the subst. 'injury,' as Bacon, 'He fell to bitter in- vectives against the Krench king, and spake all the injuries he could devise of Charles.'
J. Hastings. INK is mentioned once in OT (Jer 36"), where Bariich says that ho wrote Jeremiah's prophecies 'with ink (^•^, perhaps from a root signifying ilowlyJJuwtng)\n the l>ook.' W. R. Smith (UTJV 71 n.) refers to Ex 32" and Nu 5' for evidence that
the old Hebrew ink (derived from lamp-bl.ack [':]) could be washed oil', and as the foundation of tlie Rabbinical prejudice against the use of a mordant in ink. I'lom the bright colours that still survive in some papyri, it is evident that the ink used by Uie Egyjitians must have been of a superior kind. The 2s r term for ' ink,' occurring three times (2 Co 3^ 2 Jn '-, 3 Jn "), is ^U\av (lit. ' black,' Lat. atra- mcntum), which is al.so a cla.ssical term (Plato, I'hmlr. 27GC; Demos, de Conn. 313. U; Plut. Mor. 841). See, further, under Writi.SG.
J. A. SELIIIK. INKHORN — In one of Ezekiel's visions (Ezk 9-" 11) a man appears with a scribe's inkhorn (i:cn ncp) by his side (lit. ' upon his loins,' v;n:f ). The ' inkhorn ' consisted of a case for the reed pens, with a cup or bulb for holiling the ink, near the up|nr end of the case. It was carried in the girdle (hence the above expression). See illustra- tion under art. iJREss, vol. i. p. 6'2tj'' ; and cf. Reiizinger, Heb. Arc/uiol. 290. J. A. Selbie.
INN. — Owing to the prevalence of hospitality in the East, down to our own times, the growth of places of public entertaiiimcnt has been slow ; and to this day, save in parts frequented by tourists, anything corresponding to our inn or hotel is entirely unknown (see HOSPITALITY).
The word ' inn' first occurs in our English Riblo (AV) in Gn 4'2-'' as the equivalent of p''r, and is similarly employed in Gn 43-', Ex 4'-" (LXX Kara.- Xvfia). In other passages (Jos 4"- ", 2 K 19^, Is 10-', Jer 'J-') ji''? is rendered 'lodging-place'; and the Revisers have aiioptcd this translation unilonnly throughout. This docs not imply a building of any kind, but only the place where travellers, or carriers of merchandise, were wont, with their caravans, to pass the night, p'? or y'j ajjpears to have been used in a sense equivalent to that of the Arab hdt, and the corresponding participial, nuibit, is a night-lodging. The Arabs also use the word manzil in a similar sense. It is ' the place of alighting,' and is now mainly employed for tlie house where the traveller spends the night ; but it still retains its ai)plication to the snot where a company of wayfarers may have spent tiio hours of darkness. Occasionall}' one may encounter in the East a scene which probably reproduces the chief features of that mentioned in Gn 42-''. Near by a well or fountain, or on the bank of a stream, as the day is closing, the caravan will halt. The bales of goods are lifted from the bea.sts of burden, and placed so as to shelter the men from the night air. The animals, having been watered, are tethered around, and siip|ilieu with fodder which they have carried. The men draw close aroiiml a lire, where, having partaken of simple fare from their provender bags, they pa.ss an hour in conversation or in hearing or telling tales, and then lie down nnder their wraps to sleep till daybreak. The place thus occupied is called el-manzU ; the Hebrew would have called it miildn.
But the development of commerce would necessi- tate at a very early time some lietter means of protecting the goods and the lives of the iiierchants, esiiecially in the more remote and desolate parts, where it might lie needful to rest the caravan over night. That buildings were soon ercitcil lor this purpose, we have no direct proof ; but it is |H)ssiblo that the ' lo4lging-placo of wayfaring nun ' in the wilderness, referred to in Jer IH, may have been such an establishment. Cliimhain, the son of Rarzillai, who returneil to Jcrii.salem with David (2 S 111"-*'), is supposed by some to have reared some structure near to Ketlilehem, wliiili in Jere- iiiiah's time was known a.s cip; nnj GcriitU r/iimAnm, AV renders this 'habitation of Chimliam'; KV ' Geruth-chimham,' tut in margin ' lodging-plac*'.'
St!in]ej {S. and p. p. 329) and others translate 'inn' or ' hostel.' It may have been such a building; as ofl'ered shelter to belated merchants or travellers."