JAIRTIS (RV Jaims, 'Uetpat, probably a tran- scription of OT name tn;), a ruler of the synagogue, who dwelt at or near Capernaum. After Jesus had returned from Gergesa (Gadara) he was ap- proached by Jairus, a suppliant on behalf of his daughter, aged twelve, who was lying at home at
• 'So LXX, Pesh. (Jerome ' Alius saltus,' i.e. nv, without the plena «<rnp(to).'— Driver, Text of Sam. 272 n 1,
the point of death, Mk ,5="-=Lk S^i—Mt 9"^ Jesus at once set out for the house of Jairus, followed bj' a crowd ; on tlie way another message came, announcing the death of the child. Having arrived, Jesus entered, taking with him i'eter, James, and John, and tried to quell the noisy mournin" with the words ' She is not dead, but sleepeih. This assurance being misunderstood and ridiculed, Jesus expelled the mourners; with the i)arents and the three discijOcs went into the chamber of death ; took the child's hand, and re- stored her with the AvordsTalitha cumi ^Ta^lOd xom
•_>.iOQ.O |A I N (^ = 'maiden, arise'). So sub- stantially the Synoptists. According, however, to Mt, Jairus conies while Jesus is at Matthew's feast, pleading for his daughter already dead ; Mt does not give the name 'Jairus,' and calls hiin simply apxw (of course = apx}i'vvayuyoi). .-Ml three insert into the above narrative the incident of the woman with the Issue of Blood, which took place on the way to the house of Jairus.
A. Grieve. JAKEH is; (or Kp; ; so the Vulg. Fy»i/'n/w).— As a proper name, father of Agur, the author of the proverbs contained in Pr 30. For modes of inter- preting the verse Pr 30', see AouR.
JAKIM (c'p;).— 1. A Benjamite, 1 Ch 8'». See Gknkalooy, VTII. 12. 2. A priest, head of the 12tli course, 1 Ch H'K See GENEALOGY, III. 15.
JALAM (cH:).— A ' son ' of Esau, Gn 36''- '♦• "", 1 Ch l^".
JALON (I^^•)■— A Calebite, the son of Ezrah, 1 Ch 4". See Genealogy, IV. 53.
JAMBRES.— See Jannes and Jahbres.
JAMBRI. — Soon after the death of Judas Mac- cabanis (B.C. 161), Jonathan and his adherents sent their personal property, which was no longer safe in the wilderness of Juda?a, to the friendly country of the Nabataeans. The convoy, which w.as under the charge of .John, a brother of .Jonathan, wiis attacked and captured by a robber tribe, the sons of Jambri, near Medaba, on the E. of Jordan, and John himself slain. To avenge his death, Jonathan and Simon crossed the Jordan and waylaid a large wedding party belonging to tliis tribe. Many were slain, and the sur\'ivors tied to the mountains (1 Mac 9^-«, Jos. Ant. XIH. i. 2-4).
There is some uncertainty as to the true reading of the proper name, which does not occur else- where, 'lafi^pelv A, 'loM/Spl X*, 'Afi^pl a' cursives ; Syr. has ■, ~-'-^^n\ {'Ambri). Josephus ol 'A/uipalou
iroiJes. 'A mbri is probably the orig. form : some have conjectured that this represents Amorites (so Grimm, Michaelis). H. A. WHITE.
JAMES. — This name is our Eng. equivalent for
the 'IditujSos of the Gr. Test., from which it is derived through the Italian Giacomo. It is used in NT of three ditferent persons.
(1) James the son of Zebedee, sometimes called the Great.
(2) James the son of Alphxeus.
(3) James the brother of the Lord.
1. James the son of Zebedee. — In Mk 1" (Mt4-') he and his brother John are represented as mending their nets in their boat on the Sea of Galilee, and at the call of Christ leaving the boat to their father .and the hired servants. They were partners with Simon and Andrew (Lk 5'°), who were fishing near them and were called at the same time in the words, ' Follow me, and I will
JAilES
JAMES
541
make you fisbers of men.' Tliia was after John the Baptist had been cast into prison by Herod. We learn from Jn !""• that Andrew and his brother, and probably John also, were disciples of the Baptist, and had already been taught by him to see in Jesus 'the Lamb of God.' The call recorded by St. Luke (5'"") is rejjarded by many commentators as merely another account of the call narrated by St. Mark, but there is a great dillerence in the circumstances. Even the words addressed to Simon, which form the chief point of contact in the two, arb toD yOy dvOpunrovs laifj (wypuiv, seem to be not so much another version of the words used by St. Mark, iroL-qaui viaat yeviadai dXiei; dyOpuTuf, as a more urgent command based upon them ; and there is a corresponding difference between the &cf>ivT€s rd Si/crua, d<p4yT€i tov Traripa of St. Mark and the dipirres rd Trdyra of St. Luke.
The last call was that to the apostleship (Mt 10'-, Mk 3», Lk tj'», Ac 1"). In all four lists of the apostles, Peter, Andrew, James, and John form the first group ; in Mk and Ac, James and John follow Peter ; and throughout the history, especi- ally at the Transtiguration and the Agony, we find these three preferred before the others. The fai;t that James always precedes John (except in Lk 9-'"), and that John is sometimes described as the brother of James (Mk 5", Mt 17'). suggests that James was the elder of the two. In Ac 12- J.imes is described as brother of John, to dis- tinguish him from his greater namesake, the brother of the Lord. It is remarkable that he is never mentioned in the Fourth Gospel.