(Neither the Roman Catholic and other present- day kindred doctrines which represent justification as in some sense imparting re<u righteousness; nor the traditional or ' orthodox ' doctrine of an im- putation of the righteousness of Christ, are true to Scrip:ure, though each of them embodies a •ertain aspect of the truth.)
How Christ by His work on our behalf empowered man to fulfil the conditions devolWng on him, i.e. to exercise faith, as well as to do that which faith of moral necessity presupposed, is a point which belongs to the doctrine of the atonement ; but if justice be done to NT hints on the subject, pro- pitiation, justification, and sanctification will be found to constitute the distinguishable though inseparable factors of one great spiritual whole.
LlTERATTTRE.— Siepfrie<i.St*d«. *. pi^; Cremer and Thayer- Orirom, t. d'juuM and ilH coRnatea ; Nean<ler, Pjlantung. etc. (tr. by Kyland, USl); Smith (John), S'Uct DitO'Ursfa, e»p. 7 and 8 on ' Lfgal and Evangelical KlKhtefusiiess," etc., 1860; Newman, Lecluru on .tulilicaUm. 183S : Heriog, RK (art. ' Rcchtf.rtl- pung,' Iflt ed. Kling, 2nd ed. S<-hmidt) ; Rftachl, RecJit/rrtiavii^ un'i VeTi'dhnutuj, B<1. Jii. 2nd e«l. Ib83 ; Dorner, ChristUcAe ataubemUfirf (tr. by Banks and Cave, System of Christian ItiKlrine, 1880-18^.1); Sihultl (H.), 'Uorivlitigkelt au» dem Oliiuben Im A. n. X. Tesu,' In JDTk, and Altlest. Throlo-jl/ (tr. by rut«r»on, or rAMfcvy. 1893) ; Vr»nV, Sytlem drr Cltristlichen W^hrKeit, 3rd ed. 1894; Beck, ChriaUiclir Glaubetulehrt, 188(!: Kaflan, hit Warn d-~r c'lKf. Rrligion, 1S88; RunmnK, ' Recht- fertiRnng «l>irch den Gtoul-en,' In SK, 1867 ; Sabatli-r, The Aj^^sl'e Paul (It. edited by Flndlay, 1891); Bnicc, 5(. Paui't Conc/rfion 0/ ChTitiianity, 1894; SlmOD, Keoonciiuititm by tncaniaiivn,
1808. D. W. Simon.
JU8TLE.— Nah 2* '"rhe chareta shall rage in the stiects, they shall jtisHe one against another in the broad waves.' Thus the verso appears in AV of 1611. fn mod. edd. 'charets' is spelt 'chariots,' but 'justle' is retained (and accepted by RV) though 'jostle' is the usual spilling ni)w. Cf. Golding, Calrin'a Job, .SSi), ' if we be pinched with adverbitie, the passioa of Boruw ia ao rehe-
ment, as it cannot be niled : for then a man skirmisheth in such wise, as he justleth against God, and that is to his onme destruction in the end." T. I''uller, Holi/ Warre, II. ii. p. 45, ' He was infected with the humour of the clergie of that age, who counted themselves to want room except they justled with Princes."
J. Ha.sti\cs.
JUSTUS CIoCffTos).— 1. In Ac I" we are told that two names were put forward for election to the place vacated by Judas, Joseph called Barsabbas, who was called Justus, and Matthias. Justus is, of course, the Greek name assumed by a Hebrew. See Joseph Bailsahbas. 2. In Ac 18' we learn that St. Paul when at Corinth lodged with one Justus, or Tit(i)us Justus, a proselyte {ue^biuvos riv Oeif) whose house was near the synagogue. There is some variation in the MSS. The name is Titius Justus in B, the Vulgate, and Memphitic versiona (in Codex Amiatinus 'Titus nomine Justus'), Titus Justus in SE, Titus alone in the Sahidic version and Peshitta, Justus alone in AD and later MSS ; two M.SS omit the name altogether. Accordin" to Ramsay, 'Titius Justus was evi- dently a Roman or a Latin, one of the coloni of the colony Corinth. Like the centurion Cornelius, he had been attracted to the synagogue — his citizenship could afford Paul an openmg to the more educated class of the Corinthian population ' (St. Paul the Traveller, p. 256). 3. In Col 4"'- " St. Paul speaks of Aristiircbus, his fellow-prisoner, Mark the cousin of Barnabas, and Jesus, which is called Justus. They were all ' of the circumcision,' and were his oidy fellow-workers for the kingdom who were a comfort to him. The name is a Gentile surname assumed by a Jew, as in 1.
A. C. Headlam.
JUTAH or JUTTAH (in Jos 15" n?!- [Hahn, followed by RV ; AV has Juttah, which is the punctuation of Michaelis, •i?'"], in Jos 21" .is; [hence AV and RV both have Juttah]). — A town of Judab (Jos 15") mentioned in connexion with Maon, Carmel, andZiph in the mountains, given to the priests, the sons of Aaron (Jos 21'"), as a city of refuge for the man-slayer. It has been left out of the catalogue of cities of refuge in 1 Ch 6", but QPB adds note, ' Insert, Juttah with her pa.sture grounds.' In the time of Eusebius and Jerome (Onomast. s.v. 'lendr) it was a large village 18 MP. from Eleutheropolis, and in Daroma-ad-australem. Reland {Pal. p. 870) suggests that Juttah was probably the residence of Zacharias and Elisabeth, and the birthplace of John the Baptist, the xAXif "lonJa ('a city of Judah') of Lk 1" being so written by a corruption, or from a sifter pro- nunciation, instead of ToXit 'Ioi'to (so aljo Rouin- son, JUIP' ii. 206). Seetzen (1807) appears to have identified the modem village of Viilta as Juttah, and Robinson {BRP' i. 4115, ii. 2iM>) coirobonitcd the identilicaticm. It is a large Moslem village, standing high on a ridge 16 miles from Beit Jilirin (Eleutheroj)oli8),andin the vicinity of Maon (.1/'itn), Carmel (Aurmu/), and Ziph {Tell et-Zf). It ia built of stone, and the water supply is from cisterns. On the south there are rock-cut tombs, and rock wine-presses are found all al)Out tha village. The country around is stony, but the in habitanta are very rich in flocks {SH'P iii. 3lii).