A brief verdict as to his character, always un- favourable, and generall}' con.sisting of two parts ; a. Statement of the general fact that he did evil it the sight of J " ; b. More special mention of hie following the sins of Jeroboam. The conclusion of the account of a reign takes the following form : — 1. An indication of the editor's principal souice, containing further details as to the king in question. Usually wo read — 'And the rest of the acts of M. and all that he did,
are they \ of the Acts of Solomon t ' not written \of the Annals of the kings of Judah f in the book jofthe A nncds of the kings of Israel ? '
1757 D'D'n '-131 K • ' -1 ri -JS ri -
.Tii.i; '3757 D'
When further details, general or special, are mentioned as exi.sting in the source, these usually stand immediately after *aud alt that he did ' e.g. I 1141 * arui his wisdom.* An exception is I Ici*.^ (Asa), where 'rtnd n/; /iij( mi./A(' precedes.
Slight variations of this stereotyped form are —
A. 'And the rest 0/ all the oct»,' etc. 'ji n^rVj 1^;] I 16» (Asa).
B. Tcital omission of ■ mid nil that hr duf ; without fiirlli.r details .5 times, viz. I 11" iJeroboaiii) iri->'vZimri), II 141'^ (Aiii:i- ziali) loll (Zechariah) 16i5(Shallum) ; with further details II 2oai (Hezekiah).
Reading ' which he did' .ij'j; nc'S, 6 times, viz. I IS" (Omri), II 118 (Ahaziah of Israel) 1415 (Jehoash of Israel) 1619 (Abaz) 212» (Anion) ; ' and ichat he did ' n^j^ n^'Sji I 165 (Baasha) ; ' ami hit might which he did' n;:^ tr x ',n"i52 :;, 1 224.'J (*> Heb. Jehoshaphat).
C. ' Be/told, they are' c:n, in place of 'are they noti' on K7q 6 times, viz. I 14i» (.leroboam), II 1511- 16. 26. 81 (Zeohariah, Shallum, Pekahiah, Pckah).
2. Mention of tlie king's death and burial — {a) 'And M. slept with his fathers,
•*' :::^'r,t:;f. hi^ }(-'^ ^«/«'*-) - ^•■
•'a (vpiroy) ^^_^ ,,'^^} vriii-Dy 'D 3J7..1
3. Notice of the due succession of the king'i son —
' And N. his son reigned in his stead.'
v^nri \i^ 's Ti^on
The foUoAving table exhibits the regularity with which this system is carried out. When any fact above mentioned as belonging to the introduction is omitted in that position, but added subsequently in the narrative of the reign or in the summary, this is indicated by the sign + : —
Introduction.
Conclusion.
David
12ab
1210
133 114.6.45
Solomon
12ab3
1141. a
King 8 of Judah.
1421.2181
234(6)-(-4
Rehoboam
12abS
1429. «1
161-3
1346
Abijah
12ab3
1671^8
15K-11
1346
Asa
12ab3
1523«.»«
•2241-44
12346
Jehoshaphat 12ab3
2246.50
816.17
1235
Jehoram
12abS
n 823- 24
II 82.V27 929
12346-H
Ahaziah
2b
928b
113
+i
Athaliah
121-*
l.-!45
Jehoash
12bS
12K).'22
141-1
12.345
Amaziab
12b(a)
1413.2011. (33*
151-4
12345
Azariah
12abS
l.'i6.7
163i3»
12346
Jotham
12abS
1636.88
161-4
1235
Ahaz
12ab3
1619.20
1813
12345
Hezekiah
12a3
2020. a
211.2
2345
Manasseh
12ab3
2117.18
2111>-22
2346
Amon
12b3
2126. S«
2'>1.2
2346
Josiah
12b(3)
2329.80
2331.32
2346
Jehoahaz
2336. 87
2345
Jehoiakim
ma
246."«
248.9
2345
Jehoiachin
...
2418. 1»
2346
Zedekiah
.»
...
Kings of Israel.
I 1333r.l420.
-i-3b2 Jeroboam
1218
I 1419.20
1525.26
123ab
Nadab
1
1631
l,'i33.»4
123ab
Baasha
12ab3
166.6
168.13
12 +S
Elah
1
1614
1615.. 19
12 -l-3ab Zimri
1
1620
• Once with singular active verb used impersonally : Snk t4J^ * And (one) buried him,' fl 2126 (Amon).
KINGS, I. AXD IL
KIXGS, L AXD II.
859
Introduction. Ctmdruion,
Kinfjt of In-cul (continued^
una M « I23ab Omri ISabS lOOT.ae
10K"-3U 123ab Ahab 12a3 223" ■">
■Ml'M 123ab Ahaziah (S)l 111"- 18
II 315 laaab Jehoram
10ap.Jl.86 +3bb2Jehu 12ab3 lO""
13'.» 12Sab Jehoahai I2ab3 13' »
1310. 11 I23ab Jehoash 12a(3)2bl2»b8 13i2f 141«-
UU.'U i23ab Jeroboam 11. 12a3 \^■x.at
\b»t 123ab Zechariah 1 10"
15>» 12 Shallum 1 151»
1517.18 i23ab Menahem 12*S 15«- a
1523.114 i-jsab Pfkahioh 1 16a>
l.'.27.a8 i23ab Pekah 1 1531
171 S i23tt Hoahea
In the body of the iiiirrative there are certain foriiiulie which iiro employed for tlie introduction of an hi-stoiiciil notice, to indicate that it is more or less contemporaneous with the events of tlie narrative immediately preceding. The frequency with whicli lhe.se forniuUe recur, especially in the citation of brief facts from the ' Annals,' renders the inference fair that they are due to tlie hand of the editor, and represent his methods of jiiecin^ together tlie extracts derived from his sources. Of such expressions the mo.st usual is ' Then' (in|, I 3"" 8'-'" yiix^i' U' 10" 22'»(Heb."'); II 8=^'' 12" (Ueb.'») 14" 15'« 16».
When greater definiteness seemed desirable, other phrases are employed. These are : ' In those (/«)/»' (cnno---:), II 10-'M5"20'; ' In hu) drii/s' (yr:-3), I I6«, IIS* 23^ 24> and 15'" (emend after LXX); ■ At that time ' (K-.irr ny;), I 14', II IS" 18'« 20'- 24'" ; cf. I 8«U», II 8".
Uesides the construction of the framework of the l)Ook and the welding of the material, the editor is also responsible for a number of pas.sages of greater or less length, which point and enforce the religious purpose of his composition. These pas- sages generally take the form of a commentary upon tne causes which operated in bringing about the developments of history, framed in accordance with the Ileuteronomic model. Very frequently, also, the e<litor allows himself considerable latitude ill the expansion and adaptation of the speeches contained in his narrative, in illustration of the same standpoint. In piuisages of this character the editor's hand may readily be distinguished. Tliev exhibit a constant recurrence of strongly marked phrases, to be found elsewhere for the most part only in Deuteronomy or in Iwoks which exhibit the inlluence of Deuteronomy, and therefore presumably derived from that source. Other ex- pressions stand alongside of these Deuteronomistic expressions, and are of a part with the thoughts of which they are the vehicle; and these possess an imlividuality of their own, and are peculiar (or nearly so) to Kings. To the former class the following phrases may be assigned : * —