t In aililitlon to the authorities cited at the end of thia article, cf. the Literature given under Isaiah, especially I>ill- mann, Jrtaia, IhOO, p. SlolT. ; fheyne, Introdutlion to tAt Book of Itaiah, IH06, p. SI! IT. (where, however, the writel procee^ls upon the assumption that Kings was not compiled until alter B-C M8).
870
KINGS, I. AND IL
KINSMAN
from the prosaic statement vv.'""**. |:^, ' therefore,' of v."' answers, not to anytliing in the prophecy preceding, but to v.*""^ 'f'V;?' v^?;)P'"' Vii 'Whereas thou )ia3t prayed ... I liave litard,' and, as has been noticed above, vr.'^''- ** are duplicates of tlie same statement. Thus w."-", generally regarded by critics as an authentic prophecy of Isaiah, ajipear to have been insertecf into t^ie midst of tlie [irophetical history 19"''-»- '^-w, v."' represent- ing the redactor's link.
The narrative of 20'"" probably belongs to the author of one of the two preceding narrative sections. Cheyne, following Duhm, selects the second narrative 19'"'''- Notice, as a point of con- nexion, the occurrence of a prayer of Hezekiah in each section : ig""- 20^'-. Very possibly the chronological notice at the beginning of 18'^ ' In tlie 14th year of king Hezekiah,' properly refers to the events of 20'"'", and occupies its present position upon the false assumption that Senna- cherib's invasion took place in the same year as Ilezekiah's sickness and recovery. This arrange- ment is probably due to K°, who removed tlie note of time from its true position at the head of the narrative of 20"'-, replacing it by his syn- chronistic phrase ' In those days.' Notico the reference to Assyria in 20°. The whole verse from i;pi 'and from the hand, etc.,' must be due to the author of the mistaken synchronism. Cf. the latter half with 19*".
The 6th year o( Hezekiah (or the fall of Samaria, B.C. 722 (18"*), cannot be reconciled with the 14th year for Sennacherib's campaijrn, B.C. 701 (181^), and it seems the best course to rejfard this latter date aa true for the sicltness of Hezekiah and the embassy of Jlerodach-Baladan, which will then fall cir. B.C. 714. Thus Hezekiah's reign may be supposed to have closed B.C. 699, i.e. some 16 years after B.C. 714 (20"'*).
The short prophecy of 20"- " has probably been worked over by R"'^ in post-exilic times, when Babylon, and not As.syria, was the oppressor.
II 21 is throughout the work of R" {phrases, Nos. 11, 13, 27, 42-44, 49, 54, 55, 66; and cf. Driver, LOT" p. 203) based upon very brief notices (vv.'-**- 5. ««. 7».i6.)^ derived, presumably, from the ' Annals.' Yy lo-ie appear to presuppose the captivity of Judah, and must therefore, in their present form, be assigned to R"^.
II 22^-23^ is a continuous narrative, probably drawn from the temple archives. Deuteronomic plirases are found in 23'-"'-" {phrases, Nos. 3, 6, 20, 39, 63), and in the speech of Huldah 22'»"«' ( phrases, Nos. 29, 39, 54 ; and cf. Driver, LOf p. 203), which seems to show signs of revision by R"^ in exilic times. Certainly this later editor is respons- ible for the addition at the close of the narrative 23-*-'' {phrases, Nos. 11, 39, 51), which strikes a note strangely alien to the enthusiasm of the pie- exilic author in view of Josiah's reformation (cf. especially vv."- ").
Upon II 23^-25'" see above {Later editor^;). 25""'-* is a much abbreviated account of the evenw described in Jer 40'-43^ to which source R"' cleariy owes his information. Jer 52, on the other hand, seems to be a later addition to the prophet's book (notice the closing words of ch. 51, 'Thus far are the words of Jeremiah '), excerpted from 2 K 24'*- io**, naturally with omission of 25--"*, as having been already related in fuller detail.
LlTHlATORB.— O. Thenius, Die Biicker der K&nige (in Egf. Extg. Handb.). !• Aufl. 1849, 2« Aufl. 1873 ; F. Bottcher, A'eiw exegetisch-krititche Aermlem zum AT, 2» Abtheilunp. 1864, pp. 1-120 ; C. F. Keil, Die Biicher der Ednige (in BM. Comm.), 1« Aufl. 1866, *• Aufl. 1876 (Eng. tr. 1872); H. EwaJd, Tho
Higtory of Itrael (Eng. tr. 1871), vol. iil. p. 204 ff., vol. 1». : H. Gr.itz, OetcJi. der Juden, vols. i. ii. 1, 1875 (frequent textual Bujjpestions omitted in Enc. tr. 18i)l); E. .Schrader, COT, 1885- lS8a, vol. i. p. 172 ff., vol. ii. ; A. Klostermann, Die Biicher Samuetis urui der Kdnige (in Strack and Zbckler's Kgf. Kornm.), 1887, p. 262 ff.; A. Kuenen, Higtoriech - hritisch Onderzoek, 2nd ed. 1887 (Ger. tr. IbSKJ), 8§ 24-27 ; I. Ilooykaaa, Ictg over de GriekBche \ ertaUng van ket OT, 1888 ; J. Well- tiauscn, Die Composition de» Uezateuchu und der historisdien BUcher det AT, 2.' Druck, 1889, pp. ■266-302, 359-361 ( = Well- hausen-Bleek, Einieitung, 1878, p. 231 ff.), Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels, 4« Ausg. 1895, pp. 276-209 (El'iK'. tr. 1886, p. '272 ff.), Jsrar/itische und JUdtsche Gesch., 2« Ausg. 1897, p. 64 ff. (enlarj,'ed from art. ' Israel ' in Encyc. Brit. 1881 = lliatory of People of Israel and Jttdah, 2nd ed. 1801, p. 53 ff.);
B. Stade, GeschicJile des Volkeg Israel, 2» Aufl. 1889, I" Band, pp. 73-79, 2969., ZATW iii. 129 IT. (on I 5-7), v. 178 (on I 22«f ), V. 276ff. (on II 10-14), vi. 1.5Gff, (on II 15-21); S. K. Driver, IjOTI (1891), pp. 175-193, 8 (1807), pp. 185-203 ; H. Winckler, Atttest. Untersuehungen, 1892, pp. 1-54; E. Konig, Einleituruj in das A T, 1803, pp. 263-260 ; A. Kamphausen (in Kautzsch's Die Beilige Schr\ft des A T, 1894), pp. 360-420, Beilagen, pp. 20-34 ;