The phrase 'call to record' means 'cause to te.stify,'^ Dt 30" ' I call heaven and earth to record this day against you ' (c;; 'niyn), 31^ ; and ' take to record has the same meaning : Is 8' ' (And) I will take unto me faithful witnesses to record '("V iy;i<i); Ac 20^ ' Wherefore I take you to record this diiy, that I am pure from the blood of all men' (^apri)- poMoi iM<»i which is incorrectly taken by AV, after Tindale, in the classical sense of ' call one to witness' [which would need iiiias], but rightly by IIV, as by Wyclif, in the sense, known only to very late Greek, of ' testify ').
1 he Bubst. ' record ' is used in AV, usually in the tense of witnest, whether the person who witnesses
{liipTv%, 2 Co 1°, Ph 1') or the testimony itself (p.afnvpia, Jn l'» 8"- " 1!F, 1 Ju 5'^'- ", 3 Jn "}. In the same sense is used the phrase ' bear record,' a frequent tr. of puprrvpiu ' to give testimony.'
J. Hastings. RECORDER, THE (T;i;ri, lit. 'the remem- brancer'; L.\X ^Jri tuji/ inro/jii'ijfiiTiav, {6) dfafnnv-^- ffKuv, virofiifiviiaKuji', (6) inrop.vri^aToyp6L<pos). — An ollicer of high rank in the Israelite kingdom. His func- tions are nowhere precisely defined, but the im- portance of his office is shown by the f.act that he IS mentioned along with the commander-in-chief, the chief secretary, and other leading oflicials at the courts of David and Solomon (2'S 20=* 8>«=
1 Ch 1S'», 1 K 43). In the reign of Hezekiah lie appears as the king's representative together with the prefect of the palace and the chief secretary (2 _K 18'»- " = 18 363- ~), while the holder of the same office under Josiali formed one of the commission appointed to superintend the repairing of the temple (2 Ch 34*). The ' recorder ' is often supposed to have been a historiographer, but Benzinger (Arch. 310), Nowack (i. 308), Kittel (on 1 K 4»), ct al., argue plausibly that his duty was to reinind the king of important business by preparing matters for his consideration and laying them before him. Under David and Solomon tlie office was filled by Jehoslinphat the son of Ahilud ; under Hezekiah, by Joah the son of Asaph; and under Josiali, by Joah the son of Joaliaz.
J. F. Stenning. RECOVER. — The verb 'to recover' (Old Fr. recovrcr, Lat. recupcrare) is still in use transitively in the sense of regaining something that has been lost, whether persons (Is 11", Jer 41"), territory (as 2 S S'', 2 K 14-^, 1 Mac 10"), or other possessions (as Hos 2", 1 JIac 2**) ; also of regaining health (Jer 8~), strength (2 Ch IS-'", Ps 39'^), sight (Lk 4'^). But it is no longer used with the person to bo restored to health as direct object, as it is in AV,
2 K 5^- »•'■ ", Is 3S'« 391, Jth 14'. Cf. Shaks. Jul. Crrs. I. 1. 28, ' I am indeed, sir, a surgeon to old shoes ; when they are in great danger I recover them '; Defoe, Crusoe, 520, ' Our men in the Pinnace followed their orders, and took up three men ; one of which was just drowning, and it was a good while before we could recover him.'
The intrans. use is also found in AV, to which RV adds Jn 11'- ' Tlie disciples therefore said unto him. Lord, if he is fallen asleep, he will recover,' for A V ' he shall do well ' ; HVm ' he shall be saved' (Gr. awB-qa^Tai, Vulg. scUvus erit).
J. Hastings.
RED.— See COLOURS in voL i. p. 457''.
RED DRAGON.— See Revelation (Book of).
RED HEIFER.— Of the numerous forms of cere- monial uncleaiiness which occupy so important a place in the priestly legislation, that arisin;; from contact with, and even proximity to, a dead body was regarded as the most grievous, requiring a specially efficacious medium of lustration for its removal. To provide such a medium is the object of the unique enactment of Nu 19 — unique in its title (see below), in its provisions, and, one is templed to add, in the amount of discussion to which it has given rise.
The prrcisc relation to each other of the two sectionfl of thi8 chanter ih not easy to detennine. According to Wellh. {Voinp. d. llex.^ 176, approved by Kucnen, Ut-x. IHi) vv.i*-^ fomi an appendix to vv.ils, giving more precise instruction regarding tlie application to particular cases o( the general Torah cnibodiea in tlie latter. The more elaborate and peculiar title of the tirst Bert ion. however — viz. .T]inn npn 'the statute of the law (7'riru/i),' Nu 102 sia only— and other indications rather suggest tliat this section, w.'-", U the younger of the two,* and be-
• According to the authors of the Oxford Hexateuch (WOO), yy.ita, arc derived from a corpus of priestly lirAth or decisioni
:os
RED HEIFER
RED HEIFER
long's to the secondary strata of P (P«). Neither section, it flhonld he noted, presents that historical setting which is churacteristic of the Iej;al ordinances of tiie main stock of P. Such a setting, liowever, was supplied by later Jewish tradition. Tlie rite of the red iieifer, accor<iing to Josephus. was instituted by Moses on the death of Miriam (see Nu "201, the cliapter im- Diediately /o^/ou'im/ its itislitulion in the Hebrew text), and the asbes of the first victim were used to purify tlie people at the expiry of the thirty days of mourning (,tln(."iv. iv. (5).