Eut may be inadequate even in the case of election ; ut in the case of what is called reprobation there is no verifiable truth at all. For older theological opinion on this subject see Calvin, Inst. III. ohs. xxi.-xxiii. ; Hill, Lectures in Dii-initij, iii. 41 f.; Hodge, Systematic Theology, iL 320 f. See also Election, Predestination. J. Denney.
REPROOF, REPROVE.— The verb (from Lat.
reprobare through Old Fr. reprover) means — 1. To disapprove of, reject, as in Ps 118=^ Wye. (138S) 'The stoon which the bilderis repreueden ' ; Mk 8" Tind. ' And he beganne to teache them, how that the soune of man must sutl're many thinges, and shuld be reproved of the elders, and of the bye prestes and scribes.' There is no example of this meaning in AV. 2. To disprove, refute, aa Shaks. Ve7iti.i, 19,1 —
* What have you urged that I cannot reprore? and // Uenry VI. 111. i. 40—
• Reprove my allegation. If yon can ; Or else conclude my words effectual.'
Of this meaning there are probably some examples in AV, as Job 6'^ ' How forcible are riglit w-jrds I
i
REPTILE
RESEN
229
but what doth your arguing reprove ? ' Is 37* ' It may be the Lord thy God will hear the words of Rabshakeh . . . and will reprove tlie words which the Lord thy God hath heard,' tlioufjli in these and other like places Oxf. Ueb. Lex. takes the mean- ing to be snnply 'rcDuke.' 3. To convict, as Jer. Taylor, Great Exemplar, Pref. p. 14, ' God hatli never been deficient, but hath to all men that believe him given sufficient to confirm them ; to those few that believed not, suHieieut to reprove them.' So in AV, Jn 16' ' He will reprove the world of sin ' (Wye. ' repreuve,' Tind. ' rebuke,' Gen. ' reprove,' Gen. marg. ' convince,' AVra 'convince,' KV 'convict') ; cf. Jn 8** Wye. 'Who of you schal repreuve me of synne ? ' (Tmd. ' can rebuke,' AV ' convinceth,' RV ' convicteth ') ; 2Ti 4'-' 'Reprove, rebuke, exhort with all long- suffering and doctrine.' 4. To chide, rebuke, the mod. meaning, as Pr 9' ' Reprove not a scomer, lest he hate thee : rebuke a wise man, and he will love thee.'
Reproof is used mostly in the sense of rebuke, but there is a possible e.xaniple of conviction in 2 Ti 3" (' prolitable for doctrine, for reproof [irpJs fK€yii6v], for correction, for instruction in right- eou.sness'); and a probable examjile of ditproof, refutation in Ps 3S''' (' Thus I was as a man that heareth not, and in whose mouth are no reproofs ' ; RVm ' arguments '). J. Hastings.
REPTILE.— See Natural History in vol. iii. p. 492*.
REQUIRE Sometimes in AV as in mod. Eng- lish to 'require' is to demand, a.s I S 21' 'The king's business required haste': cf. Mk 5' Tiiul. 'I requyre the in the name of God that thou torment me not.' This is especially the case in the freq. phrase of requiring one, or one's blood, at another's hand ; cf . Bar 6'" Gov. ' Thouf'h a man make a vow unto them [the idols] and kope it not, they will not requyre it.' liut the sense of denuind does not lie, as now, in the verb itself, but in the context. To require (from Lat. requirere through Old Fr. requerir) is first to seek after, and then to request or entreat. It may be used to translate a verb of demanding, as Driver (Par. Psalter, 480) suggests that in Ps 40" 51« it may perhaps correspond to yiunatev's nostulavi and txigis,' but of all the Ileb. and Gr. words it is used to tr. in AV there is none that means more than seek after or a.ik. That it means no more than ask or entreat in some places is evident, as Ezr 8" ' I was ashamed to require of the king a band of soldiers' (RV 'ask '). Cf. Tindale, Expos. 151, ' He giveth abundantly unto them that require it [mercy] with a faith/ul heart.' Gov. after rendering 'Gedeon sayde unto them. One thinge I desyre of you, every man geve me the earinge that "he hath spoyled ' (Jg 8*'), adds, ' And the golden earynges which he requyred ' (S"). Cf. Bemers, Frot^snart, ch. ix. 'Tlien the queen was greatly abashed, and required him all weeping of ElBgqod counsel, 'and Chapman, Odijsscys, xx. 215 — ' For she required HIb want«, and will'd him all thiti)^ he desired.
Ksox frequently speaks of re(|uiring a tiling humbly, as Hist. 190, 'We required your High- nesse in most humble manner ; so .Oaldcrwood, Hist. 14.5, ' I protest and most humbly require,' and Ptalma in Metre, Ps 143'—
• O hear my praver, I>ord, And unto my nosiro To bow thine ear accord, I humbly thee require' ;
• Only once 1» exigm u»cd In Vulg. (On SIS") to express •refiuire at the bond of,* elsewhere qucrrere or reqitirere Marly always.
and the end of A Dialog betweene Christ and a Sinner, by William Hunnis —
■ 5m7i«r— ThrouKh this sweet grace thy mercie. Lord, We hmiililie doo require. Christ — By mercie iiiiTie 1 you for;,'ive. And grant this your desire.'