' First crept The pareimoaloufl emmet, provident Of future. In small room large heart enclosed.'
8. A defnite position to be occupied : To 2*, Wis 13'» (both oiKTitia.) ; 1 Co 14" ' he that occupieth the room of the unlearned' (A avaTrXrfpQiv riii rtnrov tov ISiuToy, Vulg. qui supplet lucum idioUc). Cf. Mel rill. Diary, 0, 'I durst na wayes waver or
mint away, bot stand stedfast in that roum and station wlier He haid placed me ' ; Calderwood, Hist. 12,S, 'Displacing ot the Minister of Glasgow out of his roome, which witliout reproach he hath occupied these many years.' This is the meaning of 'room' wlien in AV irpwroKXiula is tr'' 'upper- most room' (Mt 23'' Mk 12^-', RV both 'chief place'), or 'chief room' (Lk 14', RV 'chief seat,' 20'«, RV 'chief place '), or ' highest room ' (Lk 14", RV 'chief seat '). The Gr. word means the place of highest honour at table. See FOOD, vol. ii. p. 43". Cf. Knox, Jlist. 380, 'But, said hee (turning his face towards the Room where such men as had so alhrmed sate), if I bee not able to prove the Masse to bee the most abominable Idolatry that ever was used from the beginning of the world, I oiler my selfe to sull'er the punishment appointed by God to a false Preacher ' ; Lever, Sermons, 107, 'Then who can de.syre a better master tlien the Lorde God or a higher roume then a steward- shyppe in the house of Christ ' ; and Ps 63" in metre —
■ Who seek my soul to spill shall sink Dowu to earth's lowest room.'
So in the frequent phrase ' in the room of or ' in his room,' the Heb. being n.-n (2 S 19", 1 K 2=="'" 51. 0 gjo^ 2 K 15-^ '23»', 2 Ch 26' ; R V adds 2 K 14=' for AV ' instead of ') ; and the Gr. dvrl (Mt 2--). So Ac 24-'' ' Porcius Festus came into Felix' room ' {IXa^e SiaSoxov 6 ^^Xif UipKiov <l>^<rTor, RV ' Felix was suc- ceeded by Porcius Festus'). Cf. Melvill, Diary, 129, ' The Generall Assemblie commandit the Pres- byterie of Edinbruche to keipe his roum frie, and place nan thairin'; Calderwood, Hist. 110, 'It pertaines to the Office of a Christian Magistrate . . . to see that the Kirk be not invaded, nor hurt by iaUe Teachers and Hirelings, nor the roomes thereof occupied by dumb doggs or idle bellies.' Tlie plu. 'in their rooms' is found in 1 K 20=* (RV ' room ') and 1 Ch 4" (RV ' stead '), Heb. in both places on-gija Cf. Dt 2^ Tind. ' The Caphthorvms which came out of Caphllior de- stroyed them and dwelt in their rowmes.' This is the meaning in the phrase 'give room,' which has been changed into 'give place' in AV where- ever it occurs in earlier VSS ; thus Gal 2° Tind. ' To whom we gave no roume, no not for the space of an houre,' so Gen. NT 1557, but 1560 ' gave not place.' Cf. Tindale, Works, i. 227, ' Dearly be- loved, avenge not yourselves, but give room unto the wrath of God ; and Pent. (Prologe) 'Isaac when his welles which he had digged were taken from him, geveth rowme and resisleth not.'
8. The ' upper room ' of Mk 14'°, Lk 22'^ (Gr. avi- yatov, TR di'iJ7£0>'), and of Ac l"(Gr. inrtpi^ov, RV ' upper chamber ') is a room in the upper storey of the house, 'a roof-chamber' (see Moore on Jg 3-'°; Driver, Daniel , p. 74 ; Thomson, Land and Book', ii. 634, 636 [witli illustration] ; and cf. House in vol. ii. p. 433"). RV adds 1 Ch 28" (Heb. n^Yj^ AV ' upi" 1 cliamber '),
4. In Gn 6''' it is said that Noah's ark had 'rooms' made in it. The Heb. (D';p) is lit. 'nests," and is usually understood to mean small divisions or cells. J. Hastings.
ROSE (n^pq IMhazzeleth, Ca 2', Is 35' RVm in both ' autumn crocus.' — Some have derived this word from Vj; bdzal, the same as the Arab, basal = ' onion,' and secondarily 'bulb.' This theory rests on the supposition that the initial n is a mistake for n. Apart, however, from the fact that there is no critical support for this theory, it pains no probability from the ancient versions. The Syriac, for examnle, hnmznllditii, gives the n also instead of n. The 'I'.irgum on Ca 2' ex- plains lidbhazzeleth by cip-.3 = narcissus (Celsius, Uicrob. i. 48ii). An Assyrian word of similar
form, hahasillatu, signifies a ' marsh plant or reed.' Notwithstanding the authority of Gesenius, Michaelis, and Kosennmller, we are inclined to accept nru-cissus as the correct translation. Two species of this genus grow in Palestine and Syria, N. Tazetia, L., (lowering from November to March, and ..Y. serotinus, L., flowering in autumn. Tlie former has larger and more sweetly scented flowers than the latter. They are of the familiar pattern, with a white perigoniuiu, and yellow, tup-shaped crown. The scape bears from three to tun flowers. The mention of tlie 'narcissus of Sharon ' in parallelism with the ' lily (shoshannCih) of the valleys' increases the probability that they are allied plants. iVids/i/oinaA is doubtless generic, and may include \'arious species of Iris, Colchicum, Crocus, Pancratium, Ixiolirion, Tulipa, FritUlaria, Hyacinthus, Asphodeline, ete. (see Lily), any or all of which would go well in a parallelism with narcissus. For the tr" 'rose' we have only the authority of Ben Melech (Cels. Hierob. i. 488). The LXX ivdoi and KpLvov give it no support.