The term jubUe. — Nowack grivea a summary of interpreta- tions, and refers to two essays by Krariold and Wolde (Gott. 1H37) for a fuller account ; but tlie Ox/. Heb. Lex. mentions only that which he selects as the best, and which is su|iported by the Targum on Ex 191-* and Jos 0^. and by Phosnician inscrip- tions, viz. '?3i* = * ram.' It is used both in combination, as Joa ti^i^-, and alone, as Ex 191^, for a ' ram's horn,' and lastly stands as a desijjnatioD of the 50th year, ushered in by trumpet blasts.
LlTBRATCRB.— Treatises on Heb. Archiuolo'^^y by Keil (Eng. tr. ii. 10-2U), Nowack, and Benziiiger ; Ewald, Anti-jiiitieg, 369-380; Schiirer, UJ P I. i. 41) If . ; Dillm., Driver- White, Kalisch, Addis, Baentsch, and Ox/. Hex. on Lv 25 ; Mishna, Rosh ha-shana i. 1, Hhebiiih vi. 1, 2, 5, 6.
G. Harford-Battersby. SABBEUS(Sa/3;3aIas),lEs9^' = Sheniaiah,EzrlO»'.
SABI (B Tw^e(s, A Sa^tl, AV Sami), 1 Es 5=* = Shobai, Ezr 2*", Neh 7*>.
SABIAS CSa/SIas).— A chief of the Levites in the time of Josiah, 1 Es 1', called in 2 Ch 35' Hasha-
UlAH.
SABIE (B ::a;3«i5, A Sa^.i}, AV Sabi).— 'The children of Pochereth-hazzebaim ' (AV of Zebaim), Ezr 2", Neh 7°', appear as ' the sous of Phacereth the sons of Sabie ' in 1 £s 5**.
SABTA (Ki?;c) or SABTAH (nnap).— Son of Cush, (.11 10' (A 2a/3a^d)^, 1 Ch P (B Xa^ard, A 2a^ofld, Luc. Zt^aOa). Glaser (Skizze, ii. 252) professes himself satisfied with the identification of this place with Dhu '1-Sabta, mentioned by the geo- grapher Al-Bekri (i. 65), who quotes a line oi an early poet, in which this is mentioned by the side of .UAbatir, in the dwellings of the Banu Asad, jiobably in Yemamah. This identification is, lowuver, of very small value ; for the word Sabtau means either 'a rock' or 'a desert,' and Dhu '1- Sabta therefore 'the place with the rock,' or 'the place with the desert,' whence it is not even certain that the poet quoted really meant it for a proper name. Moreover, there is no sign of such a place ever having been of ini|>ortance. Hence the con- jecture that it was to be identified with Sabat or
I
Sabbata in the Gulf of Adulis (Ptol. IV. vii. 8) it much more probable. Other conjectures made by ancient ami modern scholars are given in Gea. J'hes., the Oxf. Heb. Lex., and the Commentaries. D. S. Margououth. SABTECA (.xrn^D, Sam. nDn^a). — Son of Cush, Gn 10' (A Za^aKaBi, Luc. 2a/3era«d), 1 Ch 1» (B Luc. Ze^cKaBd, A Ze^eflaxd). — The identification of this place with Samydake in Carmania (Steph. Byz., ed. Westermann, p. 246), originally suggested by Bochart, has been renewed bj' (.Uaser [Skizze, ii. 252). There is, however, nothing in favour of this supposition, except the possibility that the genealogist may have been misled by the similarity of the name to Sabtah. Early critics guessed various places in Africa, while some have even supposed a person rather than a place to be meant. The termination -ka lias an appearance of being Inilo -Germanic, as also has the penultimate syl- lable. In that case the name probably meant 'sevenfold' (saplaka), Heptapolis. Some other conjectures are quoted by Gesenius, Thes., and Dillm. Gen. ad loc. D. S. JLaegolioUTU.
SACAR [liy ' hire,' ' reward ' [cf. the name iDsB" Issachar]). — 1. The father of Ahiam, one of David's heroes, 1 Ch 11*'' (B 'Axa/>, A Zaxa.p) = Sharar of 2 S 23«, where 'Sliarar the (H)ararite' appears in B as 'Apa! Zapaovpcirris and in A as 'ApdJ 'Apapelrrii. The reading of 15 here may have arisen, by transposition of letters, from a Heb. original 'nrD iTv'. and the name SItarar should probably be reatl in both passages. 2. The eponyni of a family of gatekeepers, 1 Ch 26^ (B Saxdp, A Zax'-^p)-
J. A. Selbie.
SACKBUT («;?c Dn 3», k:?v- S'"-"; LXX and Theod. cra/i^vKT}, Vulg. sambuca, Wye. 'sambuke,' Cov., Bish. 'shawmes,' Dou. 'doulcimer,' Gen., AV, RV 'sackbut'). — Tlie Gr. <raix^uKji (which Ges., Bulil, Driver, etc., believe to be derived from the Aram.) was a stringed instrument (see vol. iii. p. 461"). The Vulg. sambuca is no doubt a translit. of the Gr. ; but since samhuca may mean ' made of the elder-tree' (from sambucus, the elder-tree), the name came to be used for any stringed instrument made of that wood. In Eng. the ' sambuke ' bad the same general application. Thus Ascham, Toxophilus, 26, ' And wliatsoever ye judge, this I am sure, that lutes, harps, all manner of pipes, barbitons, sambukes, with other instruments every one, which standeth by fine and quick fingering, be condemned of Aristotle, as not to be brought in and used among them which study for learning and virtue.'
The Geneva translators used the more precise 'sackbut' (possibl}', however, from an impression that it was a form of the same word). But the 'sack- but ' is unsuitable, for two reasons : it is a wind instrument (' a brass trumpet,' says Chappell, ' with a slide like a modern trombone ') ; and, whereas the aaii^iiK-q was particularly shrill, the .sackbut had a deep note. Cf. Drayton, Polijulbion, iv. 365 —
'The Hoboy, Sagbutdeepe, Recorder, and the Flute*;
and Bunyan, PP 235, ' He and his Fellows pound the Sackbut whose Notes are more doleful than tlie Notes of other Music are.' The origl-i of 'sackbut' is doubtful. Skeat traces it to '.he Spanish sacar to draw out, .iiid buche a box, used familiarly of the belly, and thinks that Webstei is right in suggesting that the name was given to the instrument because it exhausts one's wind in blowing I Middleton shows how it lent itself to punning, Spanish Gypsy, ii. 1 —