grefixed to the books (Sw. p. 354). The ' Synopsis ' ascribed to hrj'Bostom is, to a large extent, nothing but a collection of such *ijaAa<oE, The 88 chapters into which Hesychius di\ided Isaiah have been published lately by M. Faulhaber {Uesyckii Hierosoliimitani Interpretatio Isaiie prophette, Friburgi, 1900). These capitulations may become important hints for the classification of MSS. In Canticles the summaries assume the character of stage directions ; see Er. Klostermann, ' Eine alte EoUenverteilungzum Hohenliede' (,ZATW xlx. (1899) 16S-182, from Cod. V).
((Z) The beginning and the end of the Lessons, which were read in Church already in the times of Origen and still earlier, were marked mth otpxr. and TiA«, the occasion sometimes being added on which the lesson was read (Sw. p. 356). An early specimen was the copy from which Paul of Telia made bis version.
On the division of the Psalter into 20 xa.BiirfiMrm see Sw. p. 359, or any printed Greek Church-Psalter.
Interesting is the different numbering of the Commandments of the Decalogue in AB (see Sw. p. 365), and the division of the Book of the Covenant (Ex 20-23) mto 77 sections in the Codex Zittavieusis (H. A. Bedpath in Expos. Tim<4, viii 383).
All these particulars must be attended to in a future edition, somewhat in the same way as in the edition of .Jerome's Latin NT published by Wordsworth-Wliite ; but the chief difficulty is about the constitution of the text. For some books, as Judges, Esther, Tobit, it will be indis- pensable to give parallel texts. In the closing chapter of his Introdicrtion Swete has sketched some of the lines on which a future edition must be prepared. But before this great work can be finished, and for the benefit of all wlio cannot aftbrd to procure it, it seems desirable to put together, either on the outer margins of the minor edition or in an Appendix, tliose emendations of the errors of B which are certain or all but certain. Still better would be a Commentary on ffi, which is as urgently needed as a Grammar and a Lexicon.'^
etvrt TvD ut rk Zrat hi^eu ; lit 159, uitutriv m Itc 'E^fiadftuv ifif-tv ttuTKtrK ^ f4,ii tupovrtf t-/> Xiitv xtiuitrjv irafi' ' EXXr,ri¥ «»(t«iTA«- xiteti iit ir* KXAoir ro\>.M<i xtt'i rxi'mv kx) •riroirxi^ecd t^, irpeirt'
fttftririK But this very word is found in Cicero, ad Attic xiii. 29.
" By a happy fortune the lines in the Greek NT of the Wiirtemberg Bible Society at Stuttgart agree as closely as possible with the length of the ancient rT<x«; see Nestle, Jntroductiont p. 49.
t Take some examples at haphazard. In 8 Kegn. IS'" all texts (MSS, eto.) give xai Uiwpniri^ tSr /ittriUJmr ('and he tmrtit the kingdom '> flD has y^e'.Ti (• he took an oath of the king- dam '>. This la correct ; the translator mistook it for JTDb.ll |
Appesdix: The later Gr. Versions.— "Vhs question whether (5 was used also in Palestine in the synagogues, has been answered affirmatively and negatively. At all events after ffi had passed into the hands of the Church, and an official Heb. text, dillerent from the old one, had received the ajiprobation of the Rabbis, attempts were made among the Jews at new translations. From Justin we learn that the Jews declared G to be wrong in some details (/17J e'tvai Iv naiv d\j)9^), and that they tried new translations (oiW-o! i^riye'iado.i TreipCivrat). Irena^us mentions two who dared such a thing in his time (ujs ivtoi (paatv rCiv fieBep/xriveuELv ToX(i.wviwv Tat ypaipdi) — Theodotion of Ephesus and Aquila of Pontus, both Jewish proselytes. Origen was so zealous as to procure both these translations and, in addition, that of Symmachus and parts of three more. With those materials he conipoBcd his Hexapla (see above). And all that we knew till quite recently of these translations — apart from a few Talmudic translations from Aquila — we owed to Origen. It was only in 1897 that the first fragments of a separate copy of Aquila were found among the palimpsests of tlie Taylor- Schechter collection ; but even those may go back to the library of Origen. For brevity's sake we must refer to Sw. pp. 29-58.
(1) The version of Aquila, according to one tradi- tion T(vd{pi3r)! or vev6ep6s of the emperor Hadrian, superintendent of the buUdin" of Alia Capitolina, won for Christianity, but finally pupil of R. 'A^iba, is the most literal imaginable. By the emperor Justinian it was ordered that no other was to be used in the JeAvish synagogues. It is therefore possible that the copy of wliich fragments were found among the Hebrew-Greek palimpsests from Cairo, and which is ascribed to the 6th cent., may have been a synagogue copy. But as it has been used for Jewish purposes apparently by the same time and hand which turned the fragments of Origen's Hexapla to the same use, both Greek MSS may have come from the same quarter ; and of the Hexapla it is the more probable that it came from Christian hands, because fragments of Greek MSS of the NT were found along with tliem. See, besides the publication of Burkitt, Taylor's new book mentioned above. On plates iii-viii it contains portions of Ps 90-92. 96-98. 102. 103. Another small but interesting fragment of Aquila (mentioned by Sw. p. 170, postscript) has been published by Grenfell-Hunt in The Amherst Papyri, part i. (Lond. 1900, pp. 30, 31). On the top of a letter from Rome, \vritten probably be- tween 250 and 285 A.D., an uncial hand of the late 3rd or, more probably, early 4tli cent, has written part of the first verse of the Epistle to the Hebrews, and a more cursive hand, apparently about the time of Constantine, the first 5 verses of Genesis in (5, followed by the version of Aquila. These two biblical fragments may therefore claim * to be amongst the earliest known, and the Genesis frag- ment is the oldest authority for the first 5 verses.' In the Aquila fragment the beginning of v.* and the end of v.' are here recorded for the first time.