A third view has been maintained, to the effect that change of offlce from maiOT-d<nno to secretarj' ts degradation equivalenc to futtllmentot the prediction. There is not, however, sutllcient proof that the oiBce of State secretary was lower than that of
govemorof the palace. But, besides, Isaiah foretells as Shebna'e ht« muob more than low of offlce. That, indeed, k merely part
484
SHEBUEL
SHECnEM
et the implication of a sentence of exile and banisliment. I/n-is of office, or rather transference to another office, is by no mians tlie same a3 exile. Isaiah mentions it as a part of Shebiia'a misfortune. It is less easy to decide between the alternatives which remain. If the spirit and essence of Isaiah's prophecy be considered, Shebna'a change of office was not in the slifrhtest dei^ree its fulfilment. This conclusion may be declared im- possible on theological grounds. But Shebna's history did not end with the year 701. His exile may have come after that date. Delay in the fulfilment of the prediction or premature anticipation of its fulfilment is all that need be assumed. The alternative conclusion is that the governor of the palace in Is 22 is wrongly named Shebna. In support of this it may be argued (Dulim, (tdloc, and others) that tlie last clause of v. 15 is ir its wroni^ place, was orifjinally an editorial heading to the section, and may be in error. The words • against (7j;) Shebna the palace-governor' certainly read like a heading and leave an improved text when removed from their present position. But the suirgestion that an editor took the name from 2 K 18 is improbable, since, (1) Shebna is secretary there, and (2) the identitl'-ation creates evidence against the fulfilment of the prediction. The difficulty, therefore, that Shebna was royal secretary in 701 remains the only reason for ehminatiug the name from Is 22".
The designation pb in Is 2210 has not been referred to. The title occurs only here in the OT.* In 1 K 1*. 4 the fenjnine is used (AVm * cherisher '). In a Phceniciao inscription about 80 years older than Isaiah's prophecy (?) (CIS i. p. 25) it is used possibly in the sense of city-governor.t This may be its raean- mg here. It harmonizes sufficiently with the designation of Shebna as palace-governor. The domestic office may have in- cluded the other (cf. v.2i). The cognate in Assyr. denotes •governor '(Del HH'B s. \3V). W. B. STEVENSON.
SHEBUEL (Sxn:;').— 1. A son of Gershom and grand.soQ of Moses, 1 Ch 23i» (BA 2oi>/3aiiX, Luc. Sou^iijA). He was ' ruler over the treasuries,' 26^ (B'lw^X, A 2oi//3a^X, Luc. Su/3f^\). He is called in 24™ Shubael (Sxiib*; B 'Iw/3a?)\, A Sou/Sa^X, Luc. 2ouj3ii5X), whicli is prob. the original form of the name (see Gray, HPN 310). 2. A son of Heman, 1 Ch 2.5^ (BA 2oir;3a7iX, Luc. Zoi/^i^X), called in v.*» Shubael (LXX as in v.'').
SHECANIAH (ti:;? ; inl Ch24» 2Ch31"(n;j3?»). —1. A descendant of Zerubbabel, 1 Ch 3^-" (B 2ex"''<i. A and Luc. Sexf '"5, which is the reading of Luc. also in all the following passages). It is probably the same Shecaniah who is named in Ezr iS' (B Savaxii, A Zaxavia.) ; see Ryle, ad loc. 2. Ac- (wrding to the MT of Ezr 8*, ' the sons of Sheca- niah ' were amongst those who returned with Ezra ; but a name appears to have dropped out of the text, and we should read ' of the sons of Zattu, Shecaniah the son of Jahaziel ' (cf. 1 Es 8*" ' of the sons of Zathoes, Sechenias the son of Jezelus'). Ezr 8' is wanting in 15 ; A has dirA vlHv Za9ojjs Zexovlas. 3. Chief of tlie tenth course of priests, 1 Ch 24" (B 'Icrxacid, .-V Se«wd). 4. A priest in the reign of Hezekiah, 2 Ch 31" (BA ^exoi-ias). S. A contemporary of Ezra, who supported him in liis action in connexion with the foreign marriages, Ezr 10^ (Xexevlas). 6. The father of Shemaiah, ' the keeper of the east gate,' Neh 3^ (B 'Ex^ii, XA Sex^ni). It is possible that he and No. 1 are identical. 7. The father-in-law of Tobiah the Ammonite, Neh 6'* (^exf'd). 8. The eponym of a family wliich returned with Zerubbabel, Neh 12* (Sfxf'd)- It is the same name which, by inter- change of 3 and 3, appears as Shebaniab (see Shebaniah, No. 2) in Neh 10'' 12'''.
SHECHEM. — 1. (tj^ti) Gn S^'» 34>-« etc. See Hamor. 2. (05^, 2i<xfMl the name of a Manassite clan, Nu 20^' W (the Shechemites 'o?;rr, Stj/uoj i ZyxeiJi{ee)i}, Jos 17", 1 Ch 7'". The various con- flicting schemes by which these three passages (P, J, and the Chronicler) connect Shechem with Manasseh are discussed in art. Manasseh, vol. iii. p. 231 f.
• Cheyne (ExpoHtor, ix. [189D] p. 464) would read this word •Uo in 2 3 8" 202«, 1 K 4» (1 Oh ISIT), but see art Pribsts and Lbvitkh, p. 73b.
t Quoted and to translated by Wmckler, Ot$chioht« Itraelt, 1. 120.
SHECHEM (DD-.f' ' -slioulder • ; ^vxi/i, i) Sxijita (1 K l-i--'), Td ZlKiiia (Jos 24^-), 2i)Ki/xa, 2^Xw (Joa 241. 25)_ ^iKtiiov, ZlKi/xa (Josepii.) ; Sichem, Sirima (Jerome, Onom.)). — There are two views with regard to the name. One, held by Eusebius {Onuin. s. :ivx^f-), is that Shechem, the son of Hamor, ' the Hivite, tlie prince of the land ' (Gn 33'*' "), gave liis name to the town. In this case the name is used in Gn 12" by anticipation. The other view ia that Sliechem received his name from the to\vn, which was so called from the shechim, ' saddle,' or ' shoulder ' (cf. Gn 48'--), between Ebal and Gerizim, which separates the waters of the Mediterranean from those of the De.ad Sea. The latter supposi- tion is the more probable. The name occurs in the ' Travels of a RIohar,' if Max Miiller's reading, ' Mountain of Sakaraa,' — the mountain of Sichem, i.e. Ebal or Gerizim, — be correct {Asien u. Europ. p. 394). Eusebiusand Jerome (0»io;«.) held the view tliat Shechem was formerly called Salem ; but this opinion is apparently based on a wrong interpre- tation of Gn 33" (see Shalem).