461 'And there I saw One who had a head of days (i.e. an aped head), and his head was white like wool (Dn 7"), and with him was another one whose face was as the appearance of a man, and his face was full of prxiciousness, like une of the holy afii,'els. '<* And t asked the angel who went with me, and sliowed me all the hidden tilings, concerning that sttn of vuin, who he was, and whence he was, and why he went with the Head of Days. And he answered and said unto me, ^ This is the son of man who hath righteousness, with whom dwelleth righteous- ness, and who reveals all the treasures of that which is hidden, because the Lord of Spirits hath chosen him, and his lot before the Lord of Spirits hath surp;uised everything in uprightness for ever. *A!id this ton of man whom thou hast seen will arouse *>je kings and the mighty ones from their couches, and the »*>ong ones from their thrones, and execut« judgment opon ?<iem.'
The judgment is described most fully in ch. 62 —
62^ ' And the Lord of Spirits seated him (the Elect One) on the throne of his glory, and the spirit of righteousness was IM)ured out upon him, and the word of his mouth slew all the siimcrs [Is ll^J, and all the unrighteous were destroyed before his fa<-c. . . . ^And their countenance will fall, and pain will seize them, when tliey see that ion of man sitting on the throne of his glory. . . . "And all the kings and the mighty and the exalted and those who rule the earth will fall down on their faces before him, and worship, and set th<--ir hope upon that ton of man, and will petition him and supplicate for mercy at his hands.' But it will be too late: the 'angels of punisliment' t\ill take them incharge, and carry them away to their appointed doom. But the righteous will he saved on that day; l*'and the Lord of Spirits will abi'le over them, and with that Kon of man will they cat and lie down and rise u]> for ever and ever.' Cf. C'.l37 ' And he sat on the throne of his glory, and the smn of Judgment was committed \nito him, the son of man, and he caiiNcd the sinners and those who have led the worUi astray to pass away and be destroyed from off the face of the earth.*
The ' son of man ' of the ' Similitudes ' is thus an angtist, suj)erhuman being, who is seated on his throne beside the Almighty, and exercises in jmr- ticularthc fiinctionsof yui/i/c. Thisrepresentation, it is to be observed, though based, no doubt, uiiun that of Dn 7, is not identical with it : in Daniel it is God who is the judge ; the 'one like unto a son of man ' appears upon the scene only after the judgment is completed, and ho comes, not to exercise judgment, but to receive a kingdom.
It has been much disputed whether ' the sod of man ' is a t-tle in the Similitudes or not.
The expressions used are, ' that (zeku or ve'etu) son of man (4*5*- 48'- ti25 (see Charles, or Beer, in Kautzsch's Apoknrphen, ad luc], vv.». 14 6,^11 60ai- 29. 29 701 7117), • this son of man' (40«), and ' thesonof man'(4<;3|6ceI)illm.-K(A. Gram. § 194)027 00^). On the one side, it is argued, Enoch sees in his vision a human form (400, which is afterwards (46'- etc) referred to as 'that (or this) son of man,' — ' son of man,' rather than simply ' man,' being (presunjably) employed, partly on account of l>n 7'^ (which the context shows to be in the writer's mind), partly as being a rather more distinct and individual term. ' The son of man of 4&f fi*27 69'-*" might similarly be nothing more than an expression referring back to 401 ; and the same, it is urged, might be said even of 0 uiot T«i> ct^dpa/rov, if, as is possible (.see esp. Charles, E^chatolo'jii, p. 214 f.), this were the Greek which lay before the Ethinj.ic translator." On the other hand, the somewhat marked prominence of the terra is an indication that some significance attachfs to it : else why does the writer not say ' the Elect one ' (as 48^ 4 513- » 628- » of.). Or ' the Anointed one ' (as 4S"' oa-")?
On the whole, it may probably be fairly said, as is claimed by Baldensperger ([§ 24], p. 246), and admitted by Dr. Drummond (p. 544), that the ex- pression, even if not a title in Enoch, is next door to becoming one, and that the step of making it a title is one which at any time afterwards might be readily taken. If, however, the view of ' the son of man' adopted in this art. (§§ 17, 21) be the correct one, it will be seen to be a matter of in- dillerence whether the expression was a ' title ' in Enoch or not.
The reader ought, however, to be aware that it can hardly be said to lie certain that the ' Similitudes' are of pre-Christian origin ; though this is the view taken i)y the great majority of critics, who urge in particular tliat, hail they been written (or interpolated) under Christian iiilluence, the allusions to the historical Christ would have been more definite. See Schiirer^, iL 626(3iii. 201 f.).