^Sit^ ^-^^^^'^^"^^^ ^^
Svvf • L^% soul • P. 107», Pr 27V : in Is 6H ,t is said that •Iheol enlarged her appetiu'imi ^■^^V- «■">' -'.v .t .s he
■ '•'"'='• ,f -??"'. , '■''^ m"^' nl ,i.«Aj ™is assimilated in meaning Stt 'i r'ti i';^la"de^■^nt°eL'cr^n|«Sl a. wen aa feeUog (.,. Dt 4=9 2616, 1 K 8«, 2 K 23^). See Heart. ^.,..,. . ,KVm^
2. n?ni tr. in AV ot Job 30>r^ ' soul,' means nobil.tj; (R^ m) • .K .„• mv\ 3 n-fl lit. 'breath,' is once in EV (I« ;^c rrTsL.'*u is tdtnVhe same absolute way in Jos 10«
.nrt pVi506 (both nCv'Sn-S? 'every breathing bemg ).
'"The LXX S,d NT- tz^ follow, very closely the above u««e.
ot mphesh (see Cremer or Grimm, «.».).
The development of a double expression for man's inner Fife (^ux^J, -.eDua) gives throughout X whlBible aTisSge which is often not much more than a vaijuc parallelism, as, e.?/., m Is -U , Vn« « Ph 1^*^ (KV). It undoubtedly, however, contains a hint everywhere of t'- antitl.esis be^ tween the life-principle and tliemdnidual lite. AYhere the two are set side by side, as in He 4 , tic actmaf relation subsisting between the son
usa-e a threetoldness : t6 ^ei-Ma the Dnine lite mfnciple i, i'vxv the individual life in which the rSs >uanifested, ri .raMa^the material organism
^•'\^i:^K^i^^-t Antithesis occurs i^in the ulfe of the adjective ,>s,jMc or souhsh (^vx^^6^y
The following is an analysis (abridged from (W. Heb. Lex.) of the usa"e ot the Hcb. terms for ' soul :— ^ ^..
1. S%/.^«^ lit. -that which breathes,- ) the breathing mibstance or being • = 4.x^«"'";«(o!n;-^'«^^^^^^^ ''■ T'^-.^kn^lun hrSedTnto th?,',os' ri'otlts 6fl«lr by God Tn 2') 'n\"?^ "ol" which^nir^ b,con,es a ^>^^^^
?,^,ri7."t',V^her (alot'animal. p'r 12.0,''or (6) of man On 40^ S 2l», Lv'24.7 ee a!.: hence .L^ J .i-T.i = • sm.te morfUly Gn 3721 Dt 10« ", Jer 40ii- '» T : ':> n,lS ' take away l.te 1 KW. Jon 43 Ps 3114, Pr m; ni'?? '^^i ^'"'^ '''''"'" ''" '""' .. .,..'l„=913 P» 3319 6,-.14t; ": 0^0 IS 19". 2S 196?«<<to-,
^,T:.tyZT:Jt;inL the persona, .'--"Jj -'-"/^^S and ornat* discoui-se : e.g. •;TJ = ' me (Gn 498, Nu .3 . Jg IB- ^ 3«), ^^^=J='thee' (is 434 61«). etc ; or it may represent
he use ot tne aaieciive /wyw....^ — . -.. •- _
the only places in wliich Vi'X">i' occurs in OT rreekVMac 4" H"-^) it means ' hearty.' In 4 Mao P^^onJeUdng more purely Pyr'-l^f-^'Vl" NT but this is hardly bibhcal V'Tw^ix instances another interest comes in In the ->^ ;"^'an'=^^ where ^vxiKis occurs (not wholly Paulme), an Ito' ether new antithesis is introduced. \Miat 'i^ ratual or human in the ivxv is contrasted with what is Divine and divinely gnven in the Tr.ec^a 6 Is So that ■I'vx^Kds has acquired a meaning a most eVivalent ''to ' carnal ' or ' sensual.' b^ whch latter word it is twice --f dered in AV Rut since the TytOixa and ir^evfLaTtiiis, \Mth wliicn iL fstntrast'ed, is the Divine ^V\r^\ ^^^^^'^ it seems fair to render ^pvxi'^i^ vv,,[„ the other does in four of tj-se places, and Myn^in^the o^ther
Chri tUa'nity hal enriched this wordf.^..*. -Iding to its psychological sense an ethical or even a
^"S?H:^ai'l?TSnees of the use of ^^n in coniosiUon are ^^..^a ' soulless or ' 1' e ess 1 Co 14'- ■n'uiti'Yoi 'of one accord, Ih - , Krofvxop Mike-nimle'd,' Ph 2- ; «(> -xo' 'double-minded. Ja 1« 4». See also art. PsvCHCLOOV.^ ^^^^^
SOUTH. -See Negeb.
SOW.— See Swine.
SOWER, SOWING. -See AORICULTURK.
SPAIN (i:iraWa).-The S.-W. peninsula of Europe 1 .nvvn to the Greeks as 'EcrTepIo or 'I^W'". t « Jitter nn?e be ng derived from the river -I^^P (tlie moder Ebro) The Roman name was //«;>«»,a^ The i- \ormation of the tJreeks .about the .oun y w s somewhat vague. «i^^>altar was one of^the Pillars of Hercules, and Herodotus (iv. 8) sp^^k
SPAN
SPEAK
609
of Gades (TiSapa) as lying beyond these. Spain !iad lieen colonized In very early times by the I'hoonirians. Strabo (I. iii. 2) refers to settlements beyond the I'illars of Hercules soon after the Trojan war. The country first comes into the clear light of hi.story in connexion with its con- quest by the CarthaLjinians, a Phoenician jjeople, between B.C. 237 and 218. In the second Tunic war (li.C. 21&-2UO) the Romans conquered that portion of Spain which had been subdued by Carthage, and divided it into Ilispania cilerior and Hixpania ulterior, \\\e Ebro being the boundary between the two. The northern and western parts of the peninsula remained unsubdued, and the conquest of them proceeded only gradually. It was greatly advanced by the operations of Pompej' and Caesar, and was finally completed under Augustus, who divided the country into three provinces, Birtica in the south, Tarraconensis in the north, and Lusitania (the modern Portugal) in the west. The first-named province was sena- torial, and the other two were imperial.
The mineral wealth of Spain is greater and more varied than that of any other country in Europe. Copper, lead, and quicksilver are abundant, an<l silver and gold are also found. It was the mines of Spain which "ave the country its chief >alue for its ancient colonists and conquerors.
The river Ba:tis (Guadalquivir), and also the surrounding country, had the name Ta/jTijirffis, which was derived from that of the inhabitants {Turti) (Herod, iv. 152; Strabo, III. ii. 11 ti'.). With this locality the c-pnn of the Hebrews is generally identifieii (but see Tarshish).