The quotations from Ephraem have been investi- gated by K. 11. Woods (Studin Bihlira, iii. 132 If.) : the result is the same; the inllucnce of another version than S"* cniinot be denied ; but that in- fluence is not half so strong as in Aphraates. But the HoMian edition of Ejihracm's work is ex- cessively uncritical, and we can ' never trust a biblical quotation where it agrees with the Peshitta' (sue Burkitt, JThSt, i. 570, and now 'Texts and Studies, vii. 2). But not only so, we cannot even tru.st the references to 5" in the critical apparatus of TischendorFs ed. oct. ; they are neither complete nor correct ; cf. 1 Co 15'', where S"" adds ' or of barley ' between <rlToi' and If Tivot rCiv XoiirCiv ; on 2 Co 1" see Nestle, Intro, diirtion, 309. All references to S'' in Tischendorf's appar.atuH ought to be verilied in the way in which Gwynn did this work for the four minor Cath. Epji. {Ilcnnathena, 1890).
But not only in details of text did the older Syriac NT diller from S" as now current ; it dillered also as to the arrangement. In the list of the canonical books mentioned above, Gnlntinns stands at tlie head of the letters of Paul, before Cor. and Bom., which are followed by Hebrews. The same order, Gal., Cor., Bom., seems to have been that of Eiiliraem (see J. li. Harris, Four Lectures on the Western Text, p. 21), aiid it is expressly testilied to in Marcion. From this, Zahn is inclined to conclude that Tatian mny have brou'dit with him to the East at the same lime tlie Western Text of the Gosjicls and the Mar- cionitic order of the letters of Paul ; the more so as EusebiuB says of Tatian that he altered the text
• See on these cruarx the tat«Bt communication, that of F C Durkitt WThSt, li. 429-4;)2).
C48
SYRIAC VERSIONS
SYRIAC VERSIONS
of tlie Epistles of Paul (see Nestle, Introduction, p. iL-O).
Further, the Church of Edessa had in the time of Ephraein in its Canon tlie Apocryphnl Cnrres- jmnilence of St. Paul and the CurintliUins, of which we now know for certain that it once be- longed to the Acta Pauli (see vol. i. p. 49S). On the other hand, tlie short letter to Philemon seems to have been wanting in the Bible of Ephraem (see Zahn, Gesrh. Knn. ii. 664, 1003, Grundriss, p. 52; Julicher, Einlcitung, doubts this).
It is totally unknown when the three greater Catholic Epistles were received. There has not been as yet even an examination of the question whether the translation of all the letters of Paul is due to tlie same hand, and that of the three Catholic Epistles to another. Wliat i.s certain is that the four A ntilcgomena of the Catholic Epistles and the Bk. of Revelation never formed part of S^, and were wanting therefore even in the lirst printed editions of the Syriac NT till 1630. It is the more surprising that the Nestorian Stone-inscription at Singan-fu speaks of 27 books left by Clirist to further the soul in what is good (see J. E. Heller, Das Nestorianische Denkmal in Singan-fu, Buda- pest, 1897, 4to, reprint from ' Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Reise des Grafen B. Sz6chenyi in Oatasien' (1877-1880), pp. 31, 40).
LiTERATOBK. — 1. On Tatian : 0. A. Credner, Beitrdge mr Einleit. in die bibl. SchriJ'ten, 1S32, 437 ff., Geich. des ne^itenl. A'arams(heniuSf;ei,'ebenvonQ.Volkmar),lS6U,17fl.; H. A. Daniel, Tatianm der Apohget, l(s37 ; 0. A. Semisch, Tatiani Diates- saron, 1S56 ; Th. Zahn, Fortchungen zur Gesch. des neutest. Kanons, i. 18S1 (' Tatians Diatessaron '),* ii. (lsj3) 2S6ff., iv. (1891, * Der Text des von A. Ciasca herausgegebenen arabischen Diatessaron von Dr. Ernst Sellin '), Gesch. des Kanons, i. 387-414, ii. 53l>-536, ' Zur Geschichte von Tatiana Diatessaron im Abend- land" (iV«« Kirchliche Zritgchrift, 1894, pp. 86-120), art. ' Evan- gelienharmonie ' in PRE3 v. (1898) ti53fl. ; Westcott, Canon, pt. i. ch. iv. § 10; (the works of Ephraem .S.vrus in Armenian, Venice, 1836, voL ii.] ; Ecangelii Concorilaniis Expositio facta a doctore Sancto Bphraemo Syro (in Latinum translata a J. R Aucher, ed. G. Moesinger], Venice, 1878 1 ; J. P. Martin, Le ^is ti<rira.pti¥ de Tatian, Extrait de la Re\'ue des questions histor- iques (Avril 1883), Paris, 1883 ; 8. B. Pitra, Analecta sacra spiciiegio Solesmensi parata, torn, iv.. Par. 1883, p. xxviii ff., 46.'v-487 (' Ciasca, de Tatiani D. arabica versione ') ; Taliani eian- gelioruin hannoni<e arabice : nunc primura ex duplici codice edidit translatione latina dona\'it P. Augustinus Ciaaca, Uom», 18S8, CT. 8vo ; Hemphill, The Diatessaron of Tatian, 1888 (ct Church Qua.rterly Review, 1888, p. 127); W. Elliot, Tntian't Diatesa. and the Modem Critics, Plvmouth (ct. Church Quart. Rev. 1888, p. 128); J. R. Harris, The Diatessaron of Tatian, a preliminary study, Cambridu'e, 1890 ; Isaac H. Hall, ' A pair ot citations from the Diatessaron' {JBL x. 2 (1891), 1,53-155); J. Hamlyn Hill, The Earliest Li/e of Christ ever compiled from the Four Gospels : being the Diatessaron o/ Tatian (circa A.D. \im). Literally translated from the Arabic Version, oiid con- taining the Four Gospels uovcn into one story, with an hintorieai and critical Introduction, A'otes and Apprndiz, Edinbur'h, Clark, 1893, 376; Hope W. Hogg. The Dititess. of Tatian in Ante-Nicene Christian Library, Additional \olume. . . . Eriited by A. Menzies, Edin., 1897, 3;s-13S ; W. U. Cassels, • The Diatesg. of T.at.' (.Vineteeiilh Century, April 1895, 0()5-<i81, worthless; see J. Rendcl Harris, 'The DiaU-as., a reply' (^Contemporary Reine.w, August ls;i.S, 271-278)>; O. Tavlor, "'St, Mark in the l)ia.tem.' (Classical JCeiiieu; 1894); J, A, Robinson, 'Tatian's Diatess. and a Dutch Harmony' (,The Academi,, 1894, 24th March, 249i^2.'iO«) ; J. R. Harris, Fragments of the' Commmtary of Ephrem Synis upon the Diatessaron, London, 1895; H. Oousseii, Studia Theologica, Fasciculus I. : Apocalypsis S. Johannis Apostoli versio aahidica. Accedunt pauca fragmentA gonuina Diatessaroniana, Lips. 1895 (pp. 01-07); J. Hamlyn Hill, A Dissertation on the Gospel Commentary of S. Ephraem the Syrian, Edinburgh, 1896.