In On 49^ we should probably tr. ' Naphtall U a slender terebinth (reading nSx for np^'K], the one who sends out jeautifu! tops' [referring to the heroes and national leaders sjininK from this tribe]; so Dillni. and man^' modern com- nientatorSL For otiier supgested renderings, with their Justifi- cation and the riero^sary textual emendations, see Gunkel (* NaphtAli is a nimble hind, which drops fine Iambs,' as an alternative to Dillm. 's rendering), Hall (' Naphtali is a branch- ing vine that yietdcth comely fruit'), Ifomtnel (' Naphtali is a hind let loose, which drops he-goat Iambs,' i.e. which has a numerous male progeny [Expos. Timejf, Oct 1900, p. 46^]),
(3) I'l'^Ni: Gn 12" (so Dt 11") 'the terebinth of MOREH' ('director's terebinth'), 13" 14" 18' 'the terebinths of Mamre,' Jg 4" ' the terebinth in Zaanannim ' (cf. Jos 19^ [reading pSx not pW] 'the terebinth of ISezaanannim '), 9' 'the tere- binth of the i)illar that was in Shechem ' (see art. I'ri.LAR [Plain of the]), 9" 'the terebinth of Meonenim' ('soothsayers' terebinth'), 1 S IC ' the terebinth of Tabor ' [where it is possible that we should read ^"f^-i ' of Deborah '].
The terebinth is repeatedly (see, amongst above pa,s.saTOs, esp. Gn 12» 35*, Jos 24'-»', Jg 6"- '», Is 1» 57°, Hos 4", Ezk 6") mentioned in connexion with Canaanitish or Israelitish religious rites (see art. Sanctuary, p. Sgs""). The tr. 'terebinth' we
• The distinction between the Heb. terms is no more main- tained in the 1„XX than In the EV. Cf. the conspectus of renderings in art- Oak.
t In many of tliese passages RVm ^ves 'terebinth.'
t AV and RV poorly ' trees of righteousness,' LXX yiwmi iiMAtififr.t, Vulg. (taking from a different ^'H]/ortstjuBtitia.
I AV ' trees," RV [taking from a dlderent h'H] ' mighty ones.' The text Is very doubtful ; Cornill strikes out Dn-Sn ; for con- jectural emendations sec Bertholet and Kraetzschmar, ad Ice.
I It la possible that the Chronicler may have substituted .17^ for ^^^'K aa being a leas distinctively sacred tree marking a •hrlne.
have contended for is supported by the circum- stance that this tree was less common in Palestine than the oak and would thus be better suited to mark a locality, while the higher age it attains would cause it to be esteemed as more sacred.
The terebinth (Pistachia terebinthits, L. ) grown in Palestine to the height of 15-17, rarely 20, feet It has a thick gnarled trunk, numerous long branches with slender twigs, feathery leaves with 7 oval lanceolate leaflets, which are at fir.st of a reddish, but afterwards of a glossy dark-green colour. In Palestine the tree is deciduous, being an evergreen only in more southein l.ititudes. The male and female flowers grow u] 0.1 different trees, the fruit consists of small oval berries which are produced in grape-like clusters. Turpentine of a very pure quality may be obtained by making incisions in the stem and branches, and collecting the resin which exudes. In modern Palestine this practice appears to be u.iknown (Rob. BRP^ ii. 222 f.). J. A. Selbie.
TERESH (c'ln). — A chamberlain of Ahasuems, who along with BiGTHAN formed a plot against the king, which was foiled by Mordecai, Est 2*' (BAx om., N'*- '^""'' Qipa.^) 6''' (BAs om., N"'*- '"* edppaj). It is possible that the name should be read v>n, i.e. Theudas (see Willrich, Judaica, p. 19). He is called in Ad. Est 12' Tharra.
TERTIUS (W/>Ttos). — The amanuensis through whose agency St. Paul wrote the Epistle to the Romans. In Ro 16-- he joins personally in sending his greetings. St. Paul seems to have generally WTitten by means of an amanuensis, adding just a few words at the end (1 Co 16'-', Col 4'8, 2Th 3") in his own hand, by way of authentication, per- haps written in lart'e and bold characters (Gal 6"). In the ease of the Epistle to the Romans he prob- ably added the concluding doxology (16^""). It is an interesting subject of speculation how far the employment of different amanuenses who wrote out their shorthand notes may have influenced the style of different epistles or groups of epistles (see Sanday • Headfam, Jionmns, Introduction, p. Ix). A. C. Headlam.
TERTULLUS.— The name is a diminutive from Tertius, as Luculliis from Lucius, etc. It is thoroughly Latin, and occurs in the 2nd cent, as agnovien of Pliny's colleague Cornutus, and as a cognomen borne by Elavil and by Sulpitii. In Ac 24 Ananias arrives at Cicsarea to accuse Paul before Eclix, accompanied by certain elders, ' and, as pleader (/j^oip), one Tertullus.' TertuUus was doubtless one of the Italian causidici who abounded in the provinces. The proceedings, even in the inferior court of a mere procurator like Eelix, would probably be in Latin (Smith's Diet. Gr. and Rom. Anliq., s. 'Conventus': yet see Schiirer, HJP n. i. 50; Lewin, ii. 684) and conducted under Roman forms, requiring the services of a pro- fessional advocate. Tertullus was not a Jew, as Blasa needlessly infers from his use of the first
fierson plural. The advocate naturally identifies limself with his clients. Tertullus' speech begins with a characteristic captatio benevolentias. He gives to Felix the coveted praise of Pacator pro- vincia: (v.^), and welcomes the reforming hand of the governor, present at every place ami in every matter (v.^) ; whereas Tacitus remarks of Felix {Ann. xii. 54), ' intempestiuis reinediis delicta accendcbat ' (cf. Ilist. v. 9). These singularly gross compliments, evidently condensed by Luke, cul- minate in a subtler turn : Tertullus hints (v.*) that they must be distasteful to so modest a man. The boily of tlie spccili is i'vi<lcn(ly, in its uninter- polated funu, a iiicie jotting by Luke, who may