• On the Gr. MSS used by St. Jerome, see, besides the Bp^ logua of Wordsworth-White (pp. 663-871) ; E. Mangenol, Jieo, d«s Sciences EccUsiastimus (Jan. 1900) ; J. H. Bernard, Hermm- thena (xL No. xxrii. 1901, 836-342).
TEXT OF THE NEW TESTAilENT TEXT OF THE NEW TESTAMENT 736
and of an oMer Syriac Version, only one, and this a niiuilated MS, had been made known by Curetou as late as 1858, till the Syriac-Sinai p:iliin|raest WAS discovered by Mrs. Lewis and Mrs. Gibson in lS"j-2. !•'. C. Burkitt is inclined to ascribe the latter MS to the end of the 4th cent.; and there is no doubt that the version contained in it is in some way or other connected witli the Diatessaron of Tatiaii, the pupil of Justin Martj'r, i.e. a work of the third quarter of the 2nd centurj'.
3. The mention of Justin may lead to our third class of documents, the Quotations (of. WH, §§ liiS- 120, 'Fathers'). The finds of the last century have greatly enriched this source (cf. Clem, ad CurinthiuK, barnabas, Hermas, Aristides, Didavhe, etc.); and for tho.se Fathers whose works had been previously known, but only in inadequate editions, trustworthy editions are now everywhere in the course of preparation or publication ; cf. the Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesmsticorum Latinormn, edited by the Academy of Vienna (now more than 40 vols.), and Die Griechischen Christlichen Schrift- steller der ersten drei Jahrhundcrte, to be published bj' the Academy of Berlin (up till now 7 volumes, including 3 of Origen).
For illustrations of liow untrustworthy the printed editions have hitherto been, partly owing to the fault of the editors, see Jntrod. p. 14.51?., from Origen, Cyril, Cyprian; on Kpbr&em Syrus see F. 0. Burkitt in Texts and Studies, vii. 2.
And yet the importance of the quotations is very great. Some of the Christian writings belong to the Ist cent.,* of most of which the date and birth- place are exactly known : thus they help us as landmarks for the li.\ing of texts handed down in M.SS of unknown origin. Especially valuable are tliose pa-ssages in wliich the F'athers refer to the manuscripts in their hands (ivTlypa.(pa, exem- plariu, libri) and their variants, from Iren^us downwards (see above, p. 734"), and it is strange that these passages are not yet collected and ■it ted.
Most welcome will be Sancti Ireruxi Novum Testarrnntuvij edited by W. Sanday, advertised as in preparation by the Oxford University Press : on Clement of Alexandria see P. il. Iiar[iard (7. and St, v. 5, but only for Gospels and Acts); on Tertullian, Konsch, Das Neue Textarnent Tertutiians ; see also Introd. p. 144 IT. From Augustine alone P. de Lagarde collected 29,640 quotations from the NT, together with 13,270 from the OT (now in the Library of Gottingen (>IS Lagarde, 34]); Dean liurgon, with the help of several latlics, filled 16 thick volumes of quotations, which were acquire<l after his death by the Trustees of the liritish ^luscum. See Ed. stiller, Textiuu Commentary upon the Holy Gottpeln. i. L pp. xiif., xxflf.
On the other h.and, it is clear that all depends on the exactness with which the author has quoted his text. Amongst the earliest quotations we may reckon the use made in the NT itself by one writer of an earlier writing, for instance by Luke and Matthew of Mark, by Jude of 2 Peter, or vice versa.
4. Number of Variations increased by new materials. — Bewildering as this cloud oif wit- nesses is, still more bewildering is the mass of vari.ints presented by them. Already in the time of Mill tile number of variations in the NT Wiis e-stinialed as .30,000. Scrivener reckoned in 1874 at le.ost four times that quantity, Schair(CVH)/)«)u'o», 1892) ststod that now it cannot fall much short of 150,000, i.e. more variants than words, or, as the NT consists of 7959 verses, about 2(1 variants for every single ver.so. And yet every new document that comes to light increases them. Take so short a letter as that of Jude. The discovery of the co<lex SinaiticiiH alone brought to light 9 readings not recorded before in Tischendorf's 7th ed., among
•'There are perhaps as many as a hundred ecclesiastical writers older than the oldest extant codex of the NT ; while between a.d. fiOrtand A.n. 600(witliln which limits our five oldest MSS n.ay be considere<I certainly to fall) there exist attout two hiw.dred Fathers mote' {Uv&a Burgon, Last TiceLve Verses of Hark, p. 21X
them the addition of /i-ai fw^j after aurriplat in T.', and the substitution of ^dira;' '('oxrif for Tdn-at toi)» dffe/Seis in v.".
The first part of the Amherst Papi/ri, published bv Grenfell and Hunt, 1900, supplied the single verse He 1' written (along with Gn 11) in a small uncial hand of the late 3rd, or more prob- ably early 4th cent., at the toji of a papyrus leaf contaming a letter from Rome. It furnishes the reading Tt7i TetTpHtnt r./jtMt not recorded before. In the same volume was published a single vellum leaf, dating apparently from about the 5th or 6th cent., containing Ac 21i-'-« uith locunffi ; it furnished as singular readings v. '2 t/jo.- tok i >>>.<>» ; v.i3 ix^ti/Bt^of yiyattic, the latter reading being practically that of D (?<ixXiuaCa» AiyflpTif), with which D had stood hitherto alone, instead of xAifaC«>rir (or i(axAiwe^o»Tif) 'OAyo*.* Kven in the case of docu- ments known from early times a fresh revision will enrich (or correct) the critical apparatus of our present editions. Cf., for instance, the notes of the present writer on cod. D in ZWTti 181)5, 167 fT., and the collation of this codex in NT (Jr. Suppl p. 66. The readijig *«^a»MeA*i:/*i» (pra;s. hist.) in Ac 2112, not