In these and many other passages the Version will be seen to have a close relation to the Latin. Various explanations of this resemblance are possible. It has been suggested that the Gothic ha.s been influenced by the Latin between the date at which the Version was made and the date of the MSS of it which survive. Besides the re- semblances of text, it is urged that the Gospels in the Codex A rqenteits occur in the Western order, and that most, if not all, of the MSS are connected with N. Italy, and date from the time of the Lorn-
• Nestle, Ein/iihrung m d Griedt. NT, p. Ill (see also Gregory, PToletjomena to Tischendorf's NT, p. 1111), mentions quotations of the Ep. to the Hebrews as found in the Commen- tary on St. John, mentioned above. A compl jte list of tragmeoU of the NT is given by G^egor^•.
t Z. /. deuUclie Phiiologie, 1896.
VLKSIOXS, GEORGIAN, ETC.
VERSIONS, GEORGIAN", ETC. 863
bardoGothic kin^'dom there ; that (as has been mentioned above) many Latin words have been incorporated into the Version, and that there are traces of Latin influence in the spelling of proper names, e.g. Scariotits. This view has been uiiht-ld by Marold in articles in Germ/mia for 1SS(^ ISSI, but is disputed by Kisch,* Kaullinann.t and others.
A second explanation of the relationship is that some of the Latin MSS, at any rate, have been revise<l from the Gothic. This theory is stated by Burkitt {J'J'hUl, i. 1) in regard to the Latin MS known as Codex BTixinnxis (f). He refers to the curious preface found in that manuscript, — which liad before been noticed, in this regard, by Stamni — tV/co ne . . . legenti vUUatitr alitid in Grwtn liiifjita, aliud in lalina vel gotica de.iignata esse coiiscribta, etc., and supposes that it may be the preface of a bilingual Gotho-Lat. MS, of the Latin of which / is a transcript. Burkitt then collects a number of peculiar readings of /, in which it differs from the v'ulg. and Old Latin, and agrees with the Gothic, e.g. Lk 14" G' etc. In a note he makes the same assertion of Gothic influence in the OL fragment of the Ep. to the Komans (guc), mentioned above. Kaull'raann has fully e.\amined the relation of the Gothic to the Latin, in the light of Burkitt's suggestion, in the last of the series of articles re- feritd to, and the conclusions to which he comes J are the following: — (1) About the j'ear 410 a 'critical' edition of Ulfilas' Bible was prepared by the two Gothic clergy, Sunnias and tretella; (2) the preface to this edition is handed down to us (not quite complete) in the Codex Brixiantis, and formed the introduction to a bilingual (or perhajis trilingual) MS, in wliich certain variants of the translations were traced to their origin ; (3) a frag- ment of this edition probably lies before us in tlie Codex Carolinus; (4) from this bilingual edition the Codex Brixianus arose, the orijzinal text of which is demonstrably that of a Got lio- Latin MS, and to which the text of the Gothic Go.spels of the Codex Argenteus corresponds fairly exactly; (5) the Cod. Arg. and the Cod. Brix. sprang from that critical edition ; even their calligrai)hical pre- sentation shows tlicy are related ; in the Gth cent., aliout the same time and in the same part of Ujiper Italy, the Gothic Gospels on the one hand and the Latm Gospels on the other were separately derived from that archetj'pe ; (6) on the basis of t^e recen- sion of .Jerome's translation, which had then attained supremacy in Upper Italy, — and this may have been the reason for the whole transaction, — a redactor worked afresh over the Latin Gospels.
A third possibility is that the resemblance is due to the fact of both the Latin and the Gothic being ba-ed on(Jreek MSS belonging to the same family, and preserving the same type of text. Such a hypothesis will leave room lor the dillerences as well as tlie resemblances of the two Versions.
It has to be added in regard to the general char- acter of the translation that it is a close and accurate rendering of the Greek, though Ellicott notices in regard to its rendering of I'h 2""' a trace of those Arian views which iliarac.terized the Goths, especially in Spain. The ' Arianism of llllilas' has been discussed by Kaulfuiann in the uticles already mentioned.
LiTiRATDRX.— On Ulfllaa: »rt. In AVijrmeine deutiche Bihlio- thvk: DhU. ChriHt. liiot/r. g.o.; .MoiiuKraph hy O. A. .Scott (C'iiml)rid({e, l&S.'i); artt. by Eckstein in WeBt*Tiniwin'B IlUutr. Monatshejtt IS'.t'.!. onri Jost^s In Beitrar/^ zur Gr^ch. ilrr d. Sprachf, xxii. On the Gothic Version : Scrivencr'8 Intrntluc' twn. ii. 146 ff. ; Gretjorv'B Prtiterjomena to Tiscliendorfs ST, p. .;i»(T. ; NeaUc Einfuhniivj In dal (iriech. ST, p. llllll. : Urtext und (fbfrtietzuiKjm, i>. 119 fT.; art. in 7. /. itrntgche Philologitt 1806-1900, and In (ifrrnania. The most serviceable
* Monaltsch. /. Ortch. u. Wiitrmch. dt* Judtnlhvant, 1873.
♦ Z. f. dtulsdie I'hilol. Jlxxl. 182. t II. lOUO, xxxll. p. 336.
edition '3 perhaps that of Stamm, the latest editions of which have been re^'ised by Ileyne, 9th ed., Paderborn, 1896. The edition of Bernhardt, Vuljita Oder die (iotUchf liiUl, Halle IS75, is very full in rctjard to the relation of the Gothic to th« Greek text. There are also sen'iceable editions of separate books by Prof. Skcat ; and & useful Prhnfr o/ the (Juthic Language, Clar. Press, 1899, by Prof. Wright