• i:f hw lntii.Mm|{c in Kniiul lytuilifH (IHIW,, mid viirloua liolea ill thi- Knc. HM.
t It is cnrioim thst Mnxdi-inm p»o entirely f«IIe<t lo peiietmt"* WMterti Aftis Minor .CumuiiU Myxt. dt Milhra. '/TS). Ottirrwiwe we Mhonitt l)nv«> nntilrnll.v thoni;llt uf Gphci^nH iie a place where Hiicti i<luUH would be In the air.
994
ZOROBABEL
ZUZIM
seem justified in re^anling llie forei^in iiirtnenoe as present in the elalioiHte ordering ami raiikini^ of eiiiritH. In tlie tmiiier we have a very provable Zorondtrian feature In the' rrpresentative ant;els' ; wliile in the latter we may assign to the same cause the lireaihes nf continuity (I) in tlie «l'anilon- incnt of earlier ideas, ike Azazel and the Ser- pent, in favour of the Satan ; (2) in the clianced view of tlie gods of the nations, who were at tirst Ireateil as real K"d», liien becaiue ° nolliin^s,' and finally developed into demons. It is an interest- iiif; result of these cotiressions, if allowed, that the New Testamenl is very much more concerned with i.lieni than the Old.
LiTBKATtjRi. — The fullest (tisruwfnn will be found in Sta^e, Vhfr dfn Binjlusg dfs /'armtttius unj dtu .huli-nfutn (U''Hs ; see •uinniar^ of it in Orit R^v July 190U, p. 'i'l'.^ ff . and an iinporlanl rtrwcvN in Rm. llml Kri il, 2«« f , by S..,ierl>loin) ; Chejne,''/" 3!I4 IS-.!. Kzpol Timri. il. 202, 424, 248 9 , Knc KM. t.v. 'Anijel,' and in Knhut Sluiiif.^ (IKv»fl). The relatione between Paraism and Rabbinic Judaism were examined by Sehorr In hia Hebrew periodical Hf-Batiu, vii and viii (IsrtS) [not ween], who was closely followed by Kohut, Jud- A lufriol. u, Dnrrutrwt. (ISttfl). The auestion is well di8*-UH8ed from the Biblical standpoint by M Nicolas, th'9 Ditctrinf» li'-lt^fifUiiet dp* Ju\fit {X^W). See also Kohut in ZD.yfff »il. Iif>-1 fl , xxv. 59ff. ; (Jeiirer in his Jiul. Zcittchr Iv, 729., I. 11,19 ; Scbwally, Lflmt itoch d. Todf, p_ 141)9 ; Moulton In ThxJcer. 1. 401 B., II 3(i», i»i<t , Kipnt. Time; li S62 9., Oil. Rrv vi g-14, I. QB-KKi ; Soderbloni, ' l-a Vie f\iture d'aprfes le Mazdeisrae' {Ann. du Muaft Guinx^t, 1901), e8i>. pp 3iil-321. Too lale for use came F, Iloklen ■ Dis I'enrandtucriaft der jud..<;hT. init der part. Egchatolwjie (19irti), a verr full, if somewhat uncritical, collection of parallels,
J. H. MOULTOK. ZOROBABEL See Zkrihbabeu
ZORZELLEUS (H *a7,s'eX3oroi, A Zo^fAXeoi, AV Berzdus), 1 Ks 5". See Barzillai.— A daUK'hter of his, named Augia, is mentioned as married to Addus, the ancestor of a priestly family, who could not trace their genealogy at the return umler Zerubbabel, The same change of the initial letter occurs in the LX.X of Ezx 2«' (H Zop^AStl, A Ze^ §t\\ai ; but in the same verse B Btps'eWatl, A -()■
ZDAR (iipn).— Father of Nethanel the head of the tribe of Simeon, Nu I* 2« 7'*-" lO"* (all
ZUPH (lis),— 1. An ancestor of Elkanah and Samuel, 1 S 1' (IWk Ncurei^ [reading ^)io3 for T'fp]. A Xoinr, l.uc. S^ipK 1 Ch Ci^M-^''''-*'; the IfftMbh has •■.-$ Zipb ; \i\ 'Lov<p, Luc. ^oi'0O, culled in v."(") Zophai. 2. The land of Zuph (lis n? : B tt Zel<p, A i, rn ^ei<t>, Luc. * yv' l.^i), 1 S 9», probably derived its name from having been originally settled by the family of Zuph (Driver, Text of Sam. 2). The gentilic name Zuphite ('eik) probably underlies the name Ramattuiitn-zojihiin of 1 S P (see art. Ramah, p. 108*). Neither the S/'iba of Robinson {BliF' ii. 18 ff.) nor any other known site can be said to contain any certain trace of the name Zuph.
ZUR {f' 'rock ').-!. A Midianite prince slain by the Israelites (Nu 31"). His daughter COZBI was killed, along with the Simeouile Zimri, by
Phinehas la.'i"). In .los IS" he is described aa one of the (allied or vassal) princes of Sibon (|n'p •3'pj) ; but this note is due to a harmonizing redactor (see Dillm. ad lor.), 2. The name of a (lilieonite family settled at Jerusalem, I Ch 8'"(B and Luc. ^odf), A 'Iffoi'/p [i.e. •»t\ 'and Zur']), 9" (BA 'latlf [t.«. -"si], Luc. iimlp).
ZURIEL (''N-Tx 'my rock is EI').— A Merarit« chief, Nu 3" (SoupniX). On the precarious infer- ences which have been drawn by Hommel from the ciimpositiim and meaning of this and the names Zuri.ilftddai, Pedn/t^ur, and Eli^ur, see art. KocK, p. '290.
ZURISHADDAI (•^i*-)ii 'my rock is Shaddai or the Almighty '), — Father of Slielumiel the chief of the tribe of Siinetm, Nu 1* (B i^oupfuraJoi, AF ^ovpiaaial) J" \i.\ ^oupiirajai, F Zovi>w aiaei) 1"*- *■ IU"(LXX in all three lofpurojoi). Ua the name see reference under Zuriel.
ZUZIM (0'i«n ; LX.X ISrr, Irxip^- — confusing with D'lvn or D'j«y ; Svmm. ZoifojiM*" ; Pesh. kjtv (pi.) 'the mighty'; Vulg. Zuzirn). — lT> (in 14' one of the prehistoric peoiiles whom rhe<lorla'omer is said 1 to have smitten on nis expedition against the kings of the l'enta|«)lis, descriited as resident in ' Ham' (which see), and mentione<l between the ' Kepha- im'of A.sHTEROTH-KARNAlM (in Bashan) and the • Flmim ' (Dt 2""-) of the region occupied afterwards by Moab, The locality indicated corresponds to what «as afterwards the territory of the Ammon- ites, which is said in Dt 2* to have been occupied originally by the Zamzummim ; and hence it hai often been supposed that the two names were in some way or another ditl'erent designations of the same people,— a scribal error having found its way into one of the two paa.sages, or the old prehistoric name having become modified in form in the coarse of oral transmission. In Babylonian m and te are represented by the same characters ; and hence Sayce(//Ci1/ 160f. ; Exjw.j. I'linrs, viii, 463) very in- geniously explained thedittereiK-e by the conjecture that in Dt 2* the name appears as it /<as actually pronounced, — or at least nearly so (Zuzim for ZnWZiWim), while in Un 14' it appears as it was written by a scribe who was translating from a Bab. document {ZnMZeMim), and did not know what the true pronunciation was. However, before this theory can be accepted, better proof is needed than has hitherto been produced that Gn 14 was really translated from a Bab. original ; the strongly Hebraic style and colouring of the chapter do not favour the supposition. Whether the name is in any way connected with that of Ziza, a place 10 m, S",E, of yeshljon, and 20 m. S, of Rabbath amnion, a military statitm in Roman times, mentioned also in the Middle Ages (see Dillm.), and still possessing remains of massive forta and other indications of its former importance (Tria- trani, Moab, 182-190), must be left an opec question. b K. Driver.