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Dictionary of and the Gos
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Dictionary of Christ and the Gospels
EDITED BY
JAMES HASTINGS, D.D.
WITH THE ASSISTANCK OP
JOHN A. SELBIE, D.D.
AND (in the reading OF THE PROOFS) OF
JOHN C. LAMBERT, D.D.
VOLUME II LABOUE-ZION
WITH
APPENDIX AND INDEXES
New YORK: CHARLES SCRIBNER^S SONS
Edinburgh: T. & T. CLARK
1908
Copyright, 1908, by CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
The above copyright uotice is for the protection of articles copyrighted in the United States.
Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons. New York, have the sole right of publication of this Dictionary of Christ and the Gospels in the United States and Canada.
TO
SAMUEL EOLLES DRIVER
WILLIAM SANDAY HEXKY BAECLAY SWETE
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PREFACE
In issuing the second volume of the Dictionaey of Christ and the Gospels, the Editor desires, first of all, to thank his colleas-ues and contributors for the interest that they have taken in the work. He desires, further, to express his gratitude for the reception which the first volume has met with. All concerned in it are ready to confess that the task of producing a Dictionary which could be spoken of as really worthy of its subject has been beyond them. And they have felt this only the more as the work has proceeded. But reviewers have generously recognized the fact that no trouble has been spared to make the Dictionary as worthy as possible ; and the public everywhere, but especially preachers of the Gospel, have responded. It is hoped that the second volume will be found to be not inferior to the first.
The Appendix belongs to the original idea. It was felt from the beginning that the articles which it contains should be placed in a group, apart from the general alphabetical order.
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
I. General
Alex. = Alexandrian.
Apoc. =Aix)cal3'pse, Ai)ocalj-ptic.
AiKKT. = Aiwcrypha, Aixjcryphal.
Aq. =Aquila.
Arab. = Arabic.
Aram. = Aramaic.
Assyr. — Assyrian.
Bab. = Babylonian.
c. =circn, about.
Can. = Canaanite.
cf. = compare.
ct. = contrast.
D = Deuteronomist.
E = Elohist.
edd. = editions or editoi-s.
EyyP- = Egyptian.
Eng. = English.
Etii. = Etluopic.
f. = and following verse or page : as Ac 10**^-.
ft". = and following verses or pages : as Mt 11^^-.
Gr.= Greek.
H = Law of Holiness.
Heb. = Hebrew.
Hel. = Hellenistic.
Hex. = Hexateuch.
Isr. = Israelite.
J = Jahwist.
J"= Jehovah.
Jems. = JenLsalem,
Jos. = Josephus.
LXX^Septuagint.
MSS = Manuscripts.
MT = Massoretic Text.
n. =note.
NT = New Testament.
Onk. =Onkelos.
0T = Old testament.
P — Priestly Narrative.
Pal. = Palestine, Palestinian.
Pent. = Pentateuch.
Pers. = Persian.
Phil. = Philistine.
Phcen. — Pha^nician.
Pr. Bk. = Prayer Book.
R = Redactor.
Koni. = Roman.
Sam. = Samaritan.
Sem. = Semitic.
Sept. = Septuagint.
Sin. =Sinaitic.
Sj-mm. =Symmaclius.
Syr. = Sj-riac.
Talm. = Talmud.
Targ. =Targum.
Theod. = Theodotion.
TR = Textus Receptus.
tr. = translate or translation.
VSS = Versions.
Vulg. = Vulgate.
WH=Westcott and Hort's text.
II. Books of the Bible
Old Testament.
Gn = Genesis.
Ex = Exodus.
Lv = Leviticus.
Nu = Numbers.
Dt = Deuteronomy.
Jos = Joshua.
Jg = Judges.
Ru = Ruth.
1 S, •2S = 1 and 2 Samuel.
1 K, 2 K=l and2 Kings.
I Ch, 2 Ch = 1 and 2
Chronicles. Ezr = Ezra. Nell = Nehemiah. E.st = Ksther. Job.
Ps = Psalms. Pr = Proverbs. Ec = Ecclesiastes.
Ca = Canticles. Is = Isaiah. Jer = Jeremiah. La = Lament.ations. Ezk = Ezekiel. Dn = Daniel. Hos = Hosea. Jl = Joel. Am = Amos. Ob = Obadiah. Jon = Jonaii. Mic=Micah. Nah = Nahuni. Hab= Habakkuk. Zeph = Zephaniah. Hag = Haggai. Zee = Zechariah. Mai = Malachi.
1 Es, 2 Es = Esdras.
Apocrypha. and 2 To = Tobit. Jth = Judith.
Ad. Est = Additions to Sus = Susanna.
Esther. Wis = Wisdom. Sir = Sirach or Ecclesi-
asticus. Bar = Baruch. Three = Song of the
Three Children.
Bel = Bel and the
Dragon. Pr. Man = Prayer of
Manasses. 1 Mac, 2 Mac = 1 and 2
Maccabees.
Neiv Testament.
Mt = Matthew.
Mk = Mark.
Lk = Luke.
Jii = John.
Ac = Acts.
Ro = Romans.
1 Co, 2 Co = 1 and 2
Corinthians.
Gal = Gal at i an s.
I Eph=:Ephesians.
Ph = Philippians.
Col = Colossians.
1 Til, 2 Th = 1 and 2
Thessalonians. 1 Ti, 2 Ti -I 1 and 2
Timothy. Tit = Titus. Philem = Philemon. He = Hebrews. Ja = James.
1 P, 2 P = l and 2 Peter. 1 Jn, 2 Jn, 3 Jn=l, 2.
and 3 John. Jude. Rev = Revelation.
IX
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
III. English Versions
Wyc.=Wyclif's Bible (NT c. 1380, OT c. 1382,
Purvey's Revision c. 1388). Tind.=Tindale's NT 1526 and 1534, Pent. 1530. Cov. = Coverdale's Bible 1535. Matt, or Rog. = Matthew's {i.e. prob. Rogers')
Bible 1537. Cran. or Great = Crannier's 'Great' Bible 1539. Tav.=Taverner's Bible 1539. Gen. = Geneva NT 1557, Bible 1560.
Bish. = Bishops' Bible 1568.
Tom.=Tomson's NT 1576.
Rhem. = Rhemish NT 1582.
Dou. = Douay OT 1609.
AV=Authorized Version 1611.
A Vm = Authorized Version margin.
RV = Revised Version NT 1881, OT 1885,