In Strophe IV. (vv.'^-ss) she comes back to the thought of the Messianic time now beginning : the assurances given to the fathers should be fulfilled. The source of the Incarnation is found in God's attributes of loving-kindness and truth.
3. Liturgical use. — In the Eastern Church the Magnijicat is sung as a morning canticle. This also was its use in the West at one time. In the directions at the end of the Rule of Aurelian, bp. of Aries, c. 54U, it is mentioned as used in the Office of Lauds ' with antiphon or with alleluia, following OT psalms and canticles, and followed by Gloria in excclsis.' *
In the treatise of Niceta, de P-'ialmodixe Bono, to which we have already alluded, the primary reference is to Vigils, to the use, therefore, of the Magnificat in the evening. The list of canticles mentioned corresponds to that in use in the Church of Constantinople at that time. When the later- hour offices were developed in the West, it was, in accordance with such usage, attached to Vespers, with \-arjT.ng antiphon. Thus it passed into the fir.st Prayer-Book of Edward vi., and has since been used in Evensong after the first Lesson.
In Julian's Diet, of Hymnology there are refer- ences to several metrical versions which found favour from the 16th centurj'. But these are of no importance.
LiTKR.^TURB. — O. Bardenhewer, Biblische Studien, vi. (1901) p. 187 ; F. C. Burkitt in A. E. Bum's Niceta of Remesi'aiM, 1905, and JTIiSt vii. 220 ; A. Harnack, Sitzungsberichte der k. preuss. Akad. der Wisse.nschaften, 1900, xxni. p. 537 : F. Jacobs, Rente d'higt. et de litt. religieuses, ii. p. 424 ; H. P. Liddon, The Magnificat, 1889; W. Sanday, art. ' Jesus Christ' in Hastings' DB ; F. Spitta, ' Das Magniiikat ein Psalm der JIaria und nicht der Ehsabeth,' Theol. Abkandlungen, 1902; Volter, ThT xx.\. (1896) p. 224 ; Bp. Wordsworth in A. E. Burn's Mceta of Re)nesiana ; T. D. Bernard, Songs of the Holy yativiti/, 1S95, pp.
56, 65. A. E. Burn.
MAHALALEEL.— An ancestor of Jesus, Lk 3^.
MAID. — The English words 'maid,' 'maiden' represent three Greek words : Kopda-ioi> (Mt 9-^'" AV 'maid,' RV 'damsel') ; ij irah (Lk S^^ AV and RV 'maiden': v.=^ AV 'maid,' RV 'maiden'); and TraidiffKT) (Mt 26««, Jn W' AV ' damsel,' RV ' maid ' : Mk W^- «9, Lk 22^ AV and RV ' maid ' ; Lk 12^5 AV ' maidens,' RV 'maidservants'). The first two clearly signify 'young girl,' answering to the Aramaic tallfha^ci. Mk 5^' and Lk 8*^ : for a discussion of the Aramaic form see art. Talitha CL'MI). Talitha seems to have been frequentlj' employed in the sense of 'young Moman.' In the Targunis it is used of Dinah, Miriam, and Esther. It and its Greek equivalents liave almost that meaning as applied to the daughter of Jairus. Kopdffiop .seems to liave lost its diminutive force in * Migne, Patr. Lat. lx\nii. 393.
104
MAIMED
MAJESTY
later Greek and to have been no longer employed as a familiar term, but to have been virtually equivalent to Kipy]. iraibiaKT), the feminine of TraidicrKos, originally a diminutive of Trais, meant in the first instance ' girl ' and then ' domestic female servant' or 'slave.' It has the latter meaning in the Gosjjels. In some passages in the LXX (Ex 20^", Lv 25^'* etc.) it represents 'dtndh (cf. art. Handmaid). It seems to have been \ised esi)ecially of a doorkeeper (Gospels, Ac 12^^, Lysias cited by Wetstein). That it often referred to a slave, not a hired servant, is evident from the passages quoteil by Wetstein from the grammarians, antl seems to be implied in the contrast between Traidia-K-rjs and eXevd^pas in Gal 422.
Literature. — Wetstein on Mt 26''9; Levy, Chalddisches Wiirterbuch, i. 303?* ; Swete on Mk U^C'.
W. Taylor Smith. MAIMED. — This term signifies disabled by wounding or mutilation ; deprived of the use of a necessary constitutive jjart of the body ; muti- lated ; rendered unable to defend oneself or to discharge necessary functions. In Mt 15^" and Mk 9^^ KvWos is the word employed and is tr. ' maimed ' in botli AV and RV. It is kindred with koIXos, ' hollow,' and signifies originally ' crooked,' ' bent,' and so crippled and halt. kuXXt] xe/p is the hand with its fingers bent .so as to make a hollow palm. ^/a/3aXe kvXXtj {sc. xf'P') = ' put it into the hollow of the hand.' In Lk 14^^- -i the word used is dvdTryjpos, i.e. •7rr;p(3s =' deprived of some member of the body' (Lat. mancus), preceded by dvd intensive. The composite word indicates an extreme form of bodily mutilation, and Jesus is never said to have restored one so suffering. The word is not em- ployed in connexion with our Lord's miracles, but only in His invitation to the blessings of the King- dom, to which all outcast sufferers were with Divine compassion called. T. H. Wright.
MAJESTY.— 1. The term.— In the NT the word ' majesty ' is associated with Christ in three different connexions. (1) In RV of Lk 9^^* we read that the people 'Avere all astonished at the majesty {/xeyaXeidTys, AV ' mighty power ') of God.' The immediate occasion of their astonish- ment was the healing of the lunatic boy, but v.-*^*', and esp. the iwoleL which critical editors substitute for iwoirjaev of TK, seems to show that the miracles of Christ generally are to be thought of as pro- ducing this impre.ssion that the Divine /j.€yaX€i.6Ty]s was manifesting itself through Him.