g^: Paris, Bibl. Nat. 11553, formerly Sanger- manensis 15, of the'Sth cent., edited by the Bishop of Salisbury (Dr. John Wordsworth) in Old-Latin Biblical Texts, No! I. (p.xford, 1883).
k: Turin, Nat. G. vii. 15 (formerly of the Irish monastery of Bobbja). Tim, perhaps the most precious of all Old Latin '^MSS, is of the 4th
MARK
MARK
119
(Biirkitt) or 5th cent., and represents the text liabitually used by St. Cyprian m the early 3rd century. The MS measures 18 •? by 16 '7 cm., and consists now of 96 leaves. It contains Mk S^""- u-iis 8ia_i68, ]\lt li_3M 4--I4I' 15-'>-3«. The only re- liable edition is that of Wordsworth, Sanday, and White {Old-Latin Biblical Texts, No. II., Oxford, 1886), which is enriched by discussions of the greatest value for the study of all Biblical texts. Side by side with this edition should be consulted the article of Turner and Burkitt, ' A Re-Collation of Codex k of the Old-Latin Gospels ' (JThSt, vol. V. [1903-1904] pp. 88-107).
m : Rome, Sessorianus Iviii. This MS, of the 8th or 9th cent., contains the so-ca\\ed Spec ul 11 in, falsely attributed to St. Augustine, a series of e.xtracts from nearly all the books of the NT. The compilation appears to be of Spanish origin, as the text closely resembles that used by the Spanish heretic Priscillian. Edited by F. Weihrich in the Corpus Scriptoruni Ecclesiasticoruin Latinorum, vol. xii. (Vienna, 1887).
q: Munich, Lat. 6224, formerly of Freising. It is of the 6th cent., and contains the Gospels, except Mt 3'5-4-5 5*'-6^ 6-«-7^ Jn 10"-1239, Lk 23"-^« 24"-='9, Mk l'-22 15-5-^6. This, like f, belongs to Hort's ' Italian ' class, and stands or falls with f (see above). Edited by H. J. White as Old-Latin Biblical Texts, No. III. (Oxford, 1888).
(6) of the Vulgate revision (made by St. Jerome in 383), the two best MSS out of thousands which exist are : —
am : in the Laurentian Library, at Florence, formerly in the monastery of Monte Amiata, No. 1. This MS was written about the year 700 in the North of England, probably by an Italian scribe, and was taken by Ceolfrid, the abbot of Jarrow, to the Continent as a present to the Pope in the year 716. It measures 50 by 34 by 20 cm. (with- out the cover), and comprises 1029 leaves, with 2 columns to the leaf, and 43 or 44 lines to the column. It contains the whole Bible. The NT was published by Tischendorf (Leipzig, 1850, and again 1854), but not with perfect exactness. (See Noumn Testament uni Domini Nostri lesu Christi Latine, rec. Wordsworth and White, Pai's Prior, Oxonii, 1889-1898, p. xi ; and Stadia Biblica et Ecclcsiasticn, vol. ii., Oxford, 1890, pp. 273-324). Wordsworth and White's A.
fuld: in the library of Fulda, Prussia. The MS was written about the year 540 at the wish of Victor, bishop of Capua. The Gospels are written in the form of a harmony. Edited by E. Ranke (Codex Fuldensis, Marburg and Leipzig, 1868), with specimens of the handwriting. (See Nov. Test. etc. Latine, rec. Wordsworth and White, Pars Prior, j). xii). Wordsworth and White's F.
V. Gothic MSS :—
1. Upsala University, the 'Codex Argenteus.' The MS is of the 6th cent., and now consists of 187 leaves, which are stained with purple and bear silver writing. The contents are fragments of Mt., Jn. , Lk. , Mark. (The translation was made by Ulfilas (Wultila) in the 4th cent., and all surviving fragments are collected in Gabelentz and Loebe's Uljilas (Altenburg and Leipzig, 1836-1843).
Literature. — Most of the important literature has already been indicated in the course of the article. Reference should also be made to The NT in the Original Greek : The Text revised by Westcott and Hort, vol. ii. Introduction and Appen- dix (London, 1881 and 1896) ; Kenyon, Handbook to the Textual Cn'ticitini of the .NT (London, 1901); Nestle, Introduction to the Textual Criticism of the Greek \T (London, 1901); Hammond, Outlines of Textual Criticism applied to the XT (Oxford, 1902).
Alex. Souter.
MARK. — 1. Name and identity.— One, two, and
even three Marks have been discovered in the NT.
But the identity of the ' John Mark ' of Acts with
the ' Mark ' of St. Paul's Epistles is clearly proved
by Col 4*", wliere he is called the cousin of Barna- bas, and his identity with the ' INIark ' of 1 Peter is clearly proved by Ac 12i'-. These two passages show that in all the nine places where the name occurs (Ac 12'-- -5 135- 1» 15^'5«'-, Col 4i", 2 Ti 4^1, Philem -*, 1 P 5^^) the same per.son is referred to. The curious notion has Avidely prevailed that the ' young man ' of ]\lk 14'i- '^ was the Evangelist himself, but there is no evidence what:eYer in its support. Indeed, the words of Papias, 'he neitlier heard the Lord, nor accompanied Him,' would seem to exclude this and other similar suggestions. In accordance with a well-known custom (cf. 'Jesus Justus,' Col 4^'), Mark had both a Hebrew and a Latin name, and the Roman pra^noincn Marcus is of frequent occurrence. From Ac 12'"*- we gather that Mark occupied a position of some prominence sociall}^ in the Church at Jerusalem. His mother's house was evidently a well-known rendezvous for believers. When St. Peter is released from prison, he turns naturally to this place, and on his arrival finds a company of Christians at worship. Several slight indications in the description suggest the house of a person of means (the porch, the slave- girl, the large upper room). The only other infor- mation we possess as to Mark's family history is his connexion with Barnabas, who .seems to have been a man of standing in the Christian com- munity.