Kovfi 5** ( = '?'? Kn'^, syr i**" . . *^n r> ^/ . \ / with
I
yudh quiescent, syr^ wanting: some Greek MSS read A:of,tu ; see also below); Kop3av 7" ( = irip,
syr'**'^„C;3CLO,syri»^,_»_LC:?a_C. pji:JQ_Cl>eing the usual Sjriac name for the Eucharist) ; e<p4>ada. 7** ( = nrf^K) ; a^^d U^ ( = k;><, again in Ro 8'*, Gal 4*, see Abba). These occur in Mk. only of tlie Crospels, as does the retlnndant Bapriuaios (6 lios Tifmiov Bap.) 10* (Ml. Lk. give no name; Barti- maeus could not be the blind man's own real name, though he may have been known by it ; cf. Bar- jona, Barabbas). Two others are found also in Mt. and Jn., pa33ei Mk 9-' 11"-^ 14^ ( = '?n, sxr '"^ ''' ^^
■ - *^'*), dxrarwd lP( = JCj'rin, syr'*"'™!"'' (j_L^OJi; a third in Jn., pa^^oivei Mk 10^' ( = ^2-3, syr«*»
» I \o *^.?, syr " wanting in Jn. also, s>t i*'' - » '^\.
-X ~
syr''^ w-«_3C-C;5. perhaps a diminutive) ; these three are not found in Luke. The Heb.-Aram.
a/i-qp {]z», syr ■ ^ ( ) is retained by all the Evan-
gelists, but much less often by Luke than by the others ; note also that Mk 3^ dfj.r)v Xryoj becomes in Mt 12^ 5ia toito Xe7w, and so sometimes else- where. The Aramaic Word from the Cross is remarkable, EXun, EXiai, Xa/id aa^axOavii Mk 15**
- ' ^/ '^'^ » with both yudhs quiescent ; vv.U. are ijXei D and some old latt., Xe/ui and ^aipdavei D, zaphtani d, zaphani J:). The Di\'ine name here is a Hebraized form of the pure Aramaic 'n^^ (syr.
_iCJlX|). EXwi recurs in the i<B text of Mt 27^ (so Westcott-Hort^ but the AV and RV text, following other MSS, have ijXei or 17X1 (so syr*^
- > \ (, syr f**" ^_i j ; syr'^ wanting), and this would
be a correction by Matthew, or (as Westcott-Hort, Sotcs, p. 21 ) by a Matthaean scribe or editor, to suit the Hebrew form ''■x. which was no doubt familiar from liturgical worship. This reading is probably confirmed by pseudo-Peter, for it apparently under- lies his strange phrase ^ Si'vo^'j fiov, i) S., KareXerSds
fie, being mistaken for h]~ (syr. (^ > > ») 'strengtli.' The object of the Matthjean correction would be to make it more obvious why the i)eople thought that Elijah was being invoked, the form "EXojt being much farther from HXetaj than HXet is ; and this
130 MARK, GOSPEL ACCORDIXG TO
MARK, GOSPEL ACCORDI^sG TO
in Mt., and so
consideration would i^oint to our Lord Himself having used the pure Hebrew form of the Divine name rather than the Aramaic.
Certain Aramaic (or Hebrew) proper names should also be noted: KavavaTos 3'^ (so Mt., = Lk.
Ac. Z77XwTT7s; = Aram. NiN^i:, syr^'"i«'' ( i 1 1 O) ; 'iffKapiwd 3^^ also -wttjs (so also Mt. Lk. ; Heb. ty'N
nnp,syr^'°P"'> ( ^^ ^-^nP ; syr'^" 'SD\ in Lk 22^) ;
BeeXfe^oi^X or, as B, Beefe/Soi-X 3'- (so Lk., and so Mt. elsewhere), a word of uncertain meaning, perhaps ' lord of dung ' or ' lord of habitation '
(gyjcusiiipsh .»->no^\v,«-^ 'lord of flies') ; perhaps
Aa\/j.avoved 8'" (ei's to. fjL^prj A. =.xnuo'7i NniJoS, the second word being inadvertently repeated and the real name being dropped (Harris, Study of Codex Bezcc, p. 178 ; but .see Dalman, Words of Jesus, p. 66 ; D has MeXe7a5d, d Magidan, syr^^" ^j_yj_l0,
- ,P -X P 7 ^
gyj.psh j/o iVn\; • in II Mt 15^ the best Greek text has Ma7aSdj', syr'"* as above,' syr™ ^o, ,i V)^
syri«'> n, . Kn) ; ToXyoddv 15^2 NB, etc. [iirl rbv ToX-
yoOav T6irov) = ToKyoda Mt. Jn. (Mt. Mk. translate it by Kpavlov tottos, Jn. leaves it without translation, Lk. has Kpavlov onlj- ; the Aram, is ni?^^'?'^, syr *'"
jZlX^.Q-,. in Mk. but jA_iiQ_,i_^.
gyj.psh throughout, syr*'° is wanting in Jn. ; syr™ is wanting in all these places ; in Lk. sj'r ^'" '^^ '^ have
]A<=^n^JD).
The frequent use of a participle and the sub- stantive verb in Mk. may well be due to Aramaic influence, the Aramaic particijjle with Nin, for example, forming an imperfect (see W. C. Allen in Expositor, 6th series, vol. i. p. 436) ; e.g. l*" -qv 6 'licdvris ev5e5v/xivos, P"^ ^y SiSdaKwu (soMt. ), 1^ iin- (Tvvrryp.ePT, 9,v, and so ^- " 5^ 6'2 9^ lO^^- 32 1325 144. 4u. 54 15'- -«• *• *^ ; and in some ' Western ' texts of P** {9jv Krjpvacroov for rfKdev k. ) 2^ (^v KaraKeifiei/os for KareKeiro) ; similarly also perhaps a participle with eyevero, as 9^ eyevero a-riX^ovTa, 9" ^7. ewiaKid^'ovcra, both altered in Mt. and Lk. ; and so whichever way we read V (eyivero "Iwdi'T/s 6 ^awri^wv . . . Krjpvcraujv, v. I. ey. 'I. /SaTTT. . . . Kai KTjp., altered in Mt. and Lk. ).
The use of some prepositions after verbs, etc. , is thought to be due to the same cause (Allen, loc. cit.), as '^pxerai. diriffoi V, iv aol evSoK-rjaa P', TriaTevere iv V^, X^yovai wepi P", eadiei fxerd 2^*", larai dwo 5^®, V7ra7e ets elprjvrjv 5^, i'7i7)s dwo o**, Sid tCiv x^^P'^" avrov 6^ (but the Aramaic would have the singular), i\d\ri(Te fxerd 6^", Xd/Sj dwd 12-. Similarly also pre- positions re^jeated after compound verbs, as e^eX^e i^ 1^5, and so l^^- ■^2- 45 21 52- s. is. 17 6-54 yn. 26. 29. 31 925. 28. 45. 47 JQ15 Qi(. . ^]^g suggestion apparently being that these represent Aramaic forms like