* For Oriental parallels to the Ix)gos in other Oriental re- ligions, see JRAS, April 1906.
182
MIXA
MINISTER, MINISTRATION
partly to keep the edge of the skirt away from the cloth spread for the flour, they usually draw up the dress to the knee (Is 47^- ^). The sound of the hand-mill grinding the flour for the daily bread was suggestive of home life under conditions of peace and prosperity, and its cessation betokened turmoil and distress (Ec 123-4, Jer 25i»-"). . The /bLuXos oviKos, or donkey stone of Lk 17^ may simply mean the revolving upper stone of the common hand-mill, as having the more active share in the work of grinding. If the reference be to the larger kind of stone driven by animal or water jjower, the allusion would be a case of emphatic hyperbole, like the passage of a camel through the slit of a needle (Mt 19-^). In Key IS^i it is a strong angel that is described as casting such a stone. See, further, art. ' Mill,' with illustration, in Hastings' DB. G. M. Mackie.
MINA.— See Money.
MIND.— See Mental Characteristics.
MINISTER, MINISTRATION.— 1. wTipc'riis : Lk
P inr-qpiraL rod \6yov, 4r'^ aTrodovs toJ inrrjperrj.
It/./ht/,; is originally ' a rower ' (from ipiiriru, — the uto pointing to his being under tlie direction of the xvliiptiy,Tr,; or steersman, who was the navigating officer : Eiicjic. Brit.s xxi. 808). It is com- monly used in class. Gr. in the sense of 'a doer of hard work,' ' an assistant ' or ' apparitor ' or ' inferior officer,' but still retains the meaning of ' one who is under the direction or control of another' (e.g. CT/;pircci is the term employed by Xenophon for the adjutants or orderlies of a general).
In Bibl. Greek ' the Avord covers a wide range of offices,' but still retains this meaning : e.g. Mt 5^ (the officer of a coiu't of justice = wpaKTuip, Lk 12®*), Mt 2658, Mk 1434- 85^ Jn V^- *^- ^ 18=*- ^^- is- 22 196^ Ac 522. 26 ^^]^g Temple police, or apparitors of the San- hedrin ; cf. Hastings' DB iv. 715'' ; Encyc. Bibl. iv. 4650 ; Swete, St. Mark, xii. 329, 335). In Jn 18»« our Lord says, ' If my kingdom were of this world, then would my vir-qpeTai ('officers,' RVm) fight'; with which cf. (for a similar connexion of vTnjpeTai) LXX Pr 14^ deKTOs /SatrtXe? v-n-qpery)^ vori/j.wi'. Wis 6' (kings) virrtpiTai ovres r^v avTov {i.e. God's) jSaa-iXeias. In Ac 26^'* vTrrjpeTTjv points to the service of com- plete subjection into which St. Paul Avas called to enter, Avhen Jesus appeared to him as the Risen Lord. He and Apollos and Cephas are vTnjpirai XpuTTov (1 Co 4I). Lk.'s iiirripiTat. tov \6701; may be due to his having heard St. Paul use this and similar expressions, and describes the avrdTTTai tQv TreTr\rjpo(pop7jfi€viijv irpayfxarwv in their service of entire subjection to tlie gospel (here rod \6yov = ' the gospel ' as in other Lukan passages, Ac 6^- * 84 io« 1119 1425 166 17"). ' vTTvpiryjs and dcdKovos are often used interchangeably' (Hort, Ecclesia, 210; cf. Trench, Synon. ix. (near end) ; Hastings' DB iii. 378»).
In Lk 42" the inr-qpiTyji is the synagogue oflBcial called the hazzun, who during public worship 'hands the copy of the Scriptures to the reader, and receives it back from the hands of the man who has read the final lesson. . . . The hazzun rolls up the Torah roll after the reading, and, after holding it up to view, deposits it in the press' (Hastings' DB iv. 640''; cf. Edersheim, Life, and Times of Jesus, i. 438). Chase conjectures that John Mark was originally a hazzdn or synagogue attendant (Ac 13^ ; Hastirigs' DB iii. 245'').
2. X€iTovp7ia : Lk P^ at r)ixipai ttjs Xeirovpyias avrov, 'the days of his ministration,' i.e. the week during which he was on priestly duty in the Temple.
XiiTouiiy'ia. is of common occurrence in LXX in the sense of ritual service ( = .1735; Nu 822 169 18^, 2 Ch 312; cf. Diod. Sic. 1. 21 (of the EgJ^)tian priesthood), ra? -rm BtSv 6ipa.m:«.; -n xa., XiiTovpyU;). At Athens the Xutovpyia.! (from obsol. 'ipya = ipydiouxi, and A!,T«, A-iiVos [fr. Xao,-]) were State burdens of a peculiar kmd laid on the citizens, e.g. defraving the cost of
public choruses, or of the training of athletes, or of feasting one's fellow-tribesmen (Xen. de Hep. Ath. i. 13 ; Becker, Charicles, sc. iv. n. 23; Diet. Aiitiq. ii. 27). The use of XuToupyia, in a ritual sense is not peculiar to LXX, the Papyri having shown thai it was common in Egypt, and in particular that the sen-ices in the Serapeum were designated by this title (Deissmann, Bible Studies, 138; cf. Moulton, Expositor, vi. vii. [1903] 116).
Lk. sjjeaks of the prophets and teachers at Antioch XeirovpyoiJVTUjv r<j Kvpiui, by which prayers to Christ are probably meant (Ac 132). \nTovpyeiv and the gxoup of words connected Avith it are used, as in LXX, by the Avriter of HebrcAvs of the ministry of the tabernacle (9-^ 10") ; metaphorically, of the more excellent ministry of Christ as High Priest in the heavenly sanctuary (8-- ^) ; they are also applied to the ministry of angels (P"). St. Paul speaks of civil rulers as \eLTovpyol deov, thus ascrib- ing to them a sacred function (Ro 13"). Evidently the ritual sense of this group of Avords is ahvays present to the mind of the Apostle Avhen he has occasion to use them (Ro 15^® ' Paul the minister- ing priest, the preaching of the gospel his priestly function, the believing Gentiles his ottering' [Gif- ford], Ro 15^', 2 Co 9^2, Ph 2" ' the Philippians the priests, their faith the sacrifice, the apostle's life-blood the accompanying libation ' [Lightfoot], Ph 225- 30 ; cf. Westcott on He \ p. 231). Those pas- sages also shoAv that Christ's ministers are sacri- ficing priests only in the same sense as the rest of the members of the Christian brotherhood, Avho render \eiTovpylai to God and to men by ' the Avork of faith, and the labour of love' (cf. Hastings' DB iii. 377''; Lightfoot, Philip.^ p. 182). —The application of Xei-rovpyia to the prayers ottered at the dispensation of the Lord's Supper is a com- paratively late ecclesiastical usage (Cheetham, Dirt. Chris. Antiq. ii. 1018; Lightfoot, I.e. 261; Trench, Synon. xxxv).